FACTORS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF HORIZONTAL FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLAND VEGETATED WITH CYPRUS PAPYRUS FOR MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT | ||
Journal of Environmental Science | ||
Article 1, Volume 36, Issue 3, December 2020, Pages 1-19 PDF (483.08 K) | ||
Document Type: Review Article | ||
DOI: 10.21608/jes.2016.132009 | ||
Authors | ||
Sohair, I Abou-Elela,1; M. A. Elekhnawy,2; M. T. Khalil,3; M. S. Hellal,1; M. A Ibrahim,4 | ||
1National Research Center | ||
2Holding Company for Water and Wastewater | ||
3Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University | ||
4Post Grad. Institute of Environmental Studies and Research, Ain Shams University | ||
Abstract | ||
The impact of hydraulic loading rate (HLR) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the bioremediation of municipal wastewater using a horizontal flow constructed wetland (HFCW) vegetated with Cyprus papyrus was investigated. Three different HLRs were applied with values of 0.18, 0.10 and 0.07 m3/m2.d with corresponding HRT of 1.8, 3.2 and 4.7 days. The flow rate was 8.3 m3/d and the average organic loading rate was 0.037kg BOD/m3/d. Results showed that the performance of HFCW is linearly affected by decreasing HLR and increasing the HRT. The remediation for the heights HRT (4.7) days and lowest HLR (0.07 m3/m2.d) produced high quality effluent in terms of reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD; 86%), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD; 87%) and total suspended solids (TSS; 80%) as well satisfactory nutrient removal. Also, removal of 2-3 logs of bacterial indicators was achieved. The dry biomass of Cyprus papyrus was 7.7 kg/m2. Moreover, Cyprus papyrus plant proved to be very efficient in nitrification processes due to high diversity of the roots that increase the treatment surface area. | ||
Keywords | ||
Keywords: Constructed wetland; horizontal flow; wastewater; treatment; hydraulic loading rate; hydraulic retention time; Cyprus papyrus | ||
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