Role of Glutathione-S-Transferase M1 (GSTM1) and T1 (GSTT1) Genes on Aluminum Concentration and Oxidative Markers among Autistic Children | ||||
| Egyptian Journal of Chemistry | ||||
| Article 74, Volume 64, Issue 12, December 2021, Page 7591-7601 PDF (480.93 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2021.94656.4464 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
Sara Said  1; Gehan Moubarz 2; Hala Awadalla3; Nevin Sharaf4; Noha Hegazy5; Amal Elsaied 6; Ahmed Abdel Gawad7; Mohamed Elkhafif8
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| 1Assistant researcher, Environmental and Occupational medicine, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt. | ||||
| 2Assist. Prof. of biochemistry and environmental molecular biology. Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department- Division of Environmental Research- National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt. | ||||
| 3Professor of Community and Environmental Medicine-Medical Science Department- Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research - Ain shams university, Cairo, Egypt. | ||||
| 4Professor of Environmental Medicine- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department-National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt. | ||||
| 5Professor of Occupational Medicine- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department- National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt. | ||||
| 6Researcher of Clinical Genetics at Department of Children with Special Needs- National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt. | ||||
| 7Lecturer of Environmental Medical Science - Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research - Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. | ||||
| 8Professor of Medical Biochemistry- Medical Science Department- Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research - Ain shams university, Cairo, Egypt. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is considered a multifaceted neurodevelopmental disorder. The last two decades showed an increase in its prevalence until reached about 1 in 54 children. Autistic symptoms may be exacerbated when the interaction of the genetic and the environmental risk factors occur, suggesting that gene-environment interaction could be a mechanism underlying the etiology of ASD. Aluminum is a known neurotoxic metal that has known health effects in humans. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) genes and their enzymes play a major role in the detoxification of many toxic metals. Data were collected from 76 children aged 2-8 years diagnosed with ASD and 30 sex and age matched healthy children. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of polymorphisms in the two GST genes (GSTM1 and GSTT1) with mean aluminum concentrations (as, gene-environment interaction) and oxidative status markers (GST enzyme, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide) among the studied groups. The study started at December 2019 and last for one year at the clinics of National Research Centre, Egypt. The results of this study showed that the null GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotype is the most common type in ASD and that genotype may predispose ASD children to decreased antioxidant status (GST enzyme activity) which in term lead to mal detoxification of aluminum. There is marked increase in aluminum concentrations in hair of ASD children and oxidative markers (increase in MDA and NO) leading to oxidative damage that may play an important role in children autistic status. The study recommends adding antioxidant supplements to daily diet of ASD children to improve their antioxidant status and in term improving management of patients with autism spectrum disorders. Further studies are needed to describe other GST gene polymorphisms. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), aluminum; detoxification, glutathione S-transferase (GST), gene-environment interaction, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) | ||||
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