CONTROL OF SEED-BORNE BEAN PATHOGENS WITH SOME ANTAGONISTIC FUNGI AND NON FUNGICIDAL TREATMENTS. | ||||
| Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology | ||||
| Article 1, Volume 34, Issue 11, November 2009, Page 10687-10698 PDF (464.06 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/jppp.2009.217498 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
| G. H. Ibrahim,; Laila Abd-El-Razek; Nadia A. El-Safawani | ||||
| Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Ten associated fungi of bean seeds were isolated, purified and identified as Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus spp < em>., Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, Penicillium sp < em>., Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Trichoderma viride and Verticillium spp < em>. Four tested fungal isolates (R. solani, M. phaseolina, F. solani, and S. sclerotiorum) were proved to be pathogenic producing different degrees of pre-emergence and post-emergence damping-off and root rot symptoms on bean cultivars, namely; Contender, Narina, Bolista and Giza-6. The most virulent isolates inducing PRD were F. solani, M. phaseolina and R. solani whereas S. sclerotiorum was the least virulent. Moreover, the highest levels of PTD were obtained with S. sclerotiorum, F. solani, and R. solani, whereas M. phaseolina was the least virulent. Bolista cultivar was the most compatible with PRD and PTD in all tested pathogenic fungi, whereas Giza-6 showed the lowest compatibility. The highest percentage of root rot infection were obtained in Bolista cultivar in tested fungi ranged from (70-80%) and Narina (70-75%), while the least infection was obtained in Giza-6 (55-60%). Plant oils (Cinnamon, Clove, Spearmint and Lemon) were in vitro tested for their antifungal activity against the four tested pathogenic fungi. They significantly reduced the radial growth was obtaining. Spearmint oil exhibited the highest antagonistic effect to the tested fungi followed by Clove and Cinnamon oils, while the least effect was Lemon oil as compared with control. Hyphal growth of R. solani and S. sclerotiorum was completely inhibited by 100% and 75% conc. of Spearmint oil, while R. solani was completely inhibited by 100% conc. of Cinnamon oil. Also, the biological agents Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum, T. koningii and Bacillus subtilis were used in vitro to evaluate their effectiveness against the four tested pathogenic fungi. Linear growth experiments showed that all biological agents were significantly reduced the linear growth of fungi. T. harzianum showed highly antagonistic effect, the growth reduction ranged from (75.6 to 77.8%), while B. subtilis was the least, growth reduction ranged from (56.7 to 65.6%) to the four tested pathogenic fungi. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Antagonistic fungi; Biological agents; Bean seeds; Damping-off pathogens; Plant oils; Bacillus subtilis; Root-rot pathogens; Trichodermat spp | ||||
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