REBRANDING THE NATION: IN THE CONTINGENCIES OF ARCHITECTURE AND NATIONAL CELEBRATIONS | ||||
| Journal of Arts & Architecture Research Studies | ||||
| Volume 3, Issue 5, June 2022, Page 17-32 PDF (932.01 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Specialized scientific research papers | ||||
| DOI: 10.47436/jaars.2022.108691.1059 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Author | ||||
Marwa M. El-Ashmouni 
| ||||
| Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Beni-Suef University, Egypt | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| This paper suggests a tripartite association of architecture, national celebrations, and nation’s branding conveying narratives to national and international levels. This paper focuses on the three periods of Khedive Ismail, Nasser, and Sadat—as three influential periods that epitomized imperial and anti-imperial discursivity. It utilizes scholarly research and coincident discourses, underpinning George Mosse’s the Nationalization of the Masses (1975) and Simon Anholt’s Competitive Identity (2007). It argues that the contingencies of architecture and ‘liturgy’ of celebrations convey a national brand that creates a unified identity and enables global competencies. Although the role of architecture is different for different national celebrations, both architecture and celebrations are essentially coherent—for example, cosmopolitanism brand was conveyed in the Khedival era. Further, while Nasser’s regime conveyed a modern socialist brand, Sadat bestowed the militarism brand. This study is thus a timely instance of architectural encounters, given the contemporary endeavor for reviving the heydays of Egypt through the splendid celebrations by the current state. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| National Celebrations; Architecture; Brand; Nasser; Sadat | ||||
| References | ||||
|
Abu-Lughod, J. (1971). Cairo—100 Years of The City Victorious. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
AlSayyad, N. (2019). Nile: Urban Histories on the Banks of a River. UK: Edinburgh University Press.
Al-Qaeid, Y. (2021). When the Egyptians Sang to the High Dam [‘Endama Ghana al-Masryon le al-Sad al-‘Aly] Retrieved from https://gate.ahram.org.eg/News/2557694.aspx
Al-Tanahy, T. (1960). Thawret Gamal Tawret al-Emaan be al-Kefah al-Muwahad [Gamal’s Revolution is the Revolution of Believe in United Struggle]. Al-Hilal, July 1960, pp.9-12, translated by author.
Anholt, S. (2007). Competitive Identity: The New Brand Management for Nations, Cities and Regions, Palgrave Macmillan, UK.
Anis, M. (1967, September 1st). “Hawl Qadiyyat al-Taghyyur al-Thaqafi” [Around the Argument of Cultural Change]. Al-Hilal.
Arndt, R. (1975). The Reopening. Aramco World Magazine, 26 (5), Retrieved from https://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/197505/suez-the.reopening.htm
Barsalou, J. (2012). Post-mubarak Egypt: History, collective memory and memorialization. Middle East Policy, 19(2), 134–147. Retrieved https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4967.2012.00540.x
Beck, U. (2000). What is globalization? Cambridge: Polity Press.
Burchell, S. (2016). The Suez Canal. US: New Word City.
Browning, C. & Oliveira, A. (2017). Introduction: Nation Branding and Competitive Identity in World Politics, Geopolitics, 22(3), 481-501.
Çelik, Z. (1992). Displaying the Orient: architecture of islam at nineteenth-century world's fairs. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Copland, M. (1969). The Game of Nations: the amorality of world politics. USA: Simon & Schuster.
Crabbs, J. (1975). Politics, History, and Culture in Nasser's Egypt, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 6(4), 386-420.
Drescher, S., Sabean, D. & Sharlin, A. eds. (1982). Political Symbolism in Modern Europe: Essays in Honor of George L. Mosse, New York: Routledge.
Delchevalerie, G. (1899). Les Promenades et les Jardins du Caire. France: Chaumes.
Douin, G. (1934). Histoire du Regne du Khedive Ismail. Rome: Nell’Istituto poligrafico dello Stato per reale societa di Geografia d’Egitto.
El-Ashmouni, M. (2016). “Mobility and Ambivalences: Negotiating Architectural Identities Ismail’s Reign (1863–79)”. In Christiane Gruber, ed. Islamic Architecture on the Move Motion and Modernity. London: Chicago University Press.
Elshahed, M. (2012). “The White City and Egypt’s Modernist Heritage”, Cairobserver, Retrieved from https://cairobserver.com/post/21938918144/the-white-city-and-egypts-modernist-heritage
El-Shorbagy, A. (2019). Naoum Shebib: Father of Skyscrapers in Egypt. Germany: BookRix.
El-Shorbagy, A. (2019). A. Egyptian Architects: Within the Context of Egypt's Cultural and Intellectual History. Munich: BookRix GmbH& Co. KG.
El-Tony, N. (2019). Gumhuria Newspaper. 24 Sept. Retrieved from https://www.gomhuriaonline.com/Gomhuria/458965.html
El-Nady, H. (2013, 8 October). “The Story of the Memorial that is against Vandalism”, Al-Ahram. Retrieved https://gate.ahram.org.eg/daily/News/235895.aspx
Fahmy, I. (2013). Negotiating for Peace in the Middle East. Canada: Routledge.
Fontane, M. (1870). Voyage Pittoresque à Travers l’isthme de Suez. Paris : P. Dupont : E. Lachaud. URL: https://archive.org/details/gri_33125011117740
Geisler, M. (2005). National Symbols, Fractured Identities: Contesting the National Narrative. London: University Press of New England.
Gillis, R. (2018). “Memory and Identity: The History of a Relationship”, in Gillis, John, ed. Commemorations: The Politics of National Identity. 2nd ed. Princeton University Press.
Gleason, P. (1983). Identifying Identity: A Semantic History. The Journal of American History, 69(4), 910–31. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2307/1901196
Graan, A. (2016). The Nation Brand Regime: Nation Branding and the Semiotic Regimentation of Public Communication in Contemporary Macedonia. Signs and Society, 4(s1).
Halbwachs, M., & Coser, L. (1992). On Collective Memory. USA: University of Chicago Press.
Hall, S. (1992). “The Question of Cultural Identity”, In Stuart Hall, David Held and Tony McGrew, eds. Modernity and its Futures. Oxford: Polty Press.
Hinnebusch, A. (1981). Egypt under Sadat: Elites, Power Structure, and Political Change in a Post-Populist State. Social Problems, 28(4). 442–64.
Jacobs, Daniel and Dan Richardson . (2011). The Rough Guide to Cairo & the Pyramids. UK: DK Publishing.
Jackson, A. (2013). Buildings of Empire. UK: OUP Oxford.
Johnston, S. (2006). Egyptian Palaces and Villas: Pashas, Khedives, and Kings. New York: H.N.Abrams.
Khairy, A. (2020). “Al-Sad al-‘Aaly: Zekryat fi ‘Malhamya’ tatagadad fi Hafl Madrasy”, [The High Dam: An Epic Remembrance Renewed in a School Celebration]. Independent Arabia. Retrieved from https://www.independentarabia.com.
Marie, M. 2019. “All you need to know about the Unknown Soldier Memorial”, Retrieved from
https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/75523/All-you-need-to-know-about-the-Unknown-Soldier-Memorial
Mannheim, K. (1955). Ideology and Utopia: An Introduction to the Sociology of Knowledge. New York: Harcourt.
Mestyan, A. (2007). Art and Empire: Khedive Ismail and the Foundation of the Cairo Opera House. (Unpublished master's thesis). Central European University, Hungary.
Mitchell, T. (1989). The World as Exhibition. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 31(2), 217-236.
Moilanen, T.& Rainisto, S. (2009). How to Brand Nations, Cities and Destinations: A Planning Book for Place Branding. USA: Palgrave Macmillan.
Mosco, V. (1996). The political economy of communication: Rethinking and renewal. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
Mosse, G. (1975). The Nationalization of the Masses: Political Symbolism and Mass Movement in Germany from the Napoleonic Wars through the Third Reich. New York: Howard Fertig.
Mosse, G. (1976). “Mass Politics and the Political Liturgy of Nationalism,” In Eugene Kamenka (ed.), Nationalism: The Nature and Evolution of an Idea. London: Edward Arnold, pp.39-54.
Muratovski, G. (2013). Urban branding: the politics of architecture. Design Principles and Practices: An International Journal, 6, 45-58.
Pudney, J. (1969). Suez: De Lesseps’ Canal. New York: Frederick A. Praeger. Pp.152-153.
Podeh, E. (2011). The Politics of National Celebrations in the Arab Middle East. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Pennebaker, J., Páez, D. & Rim‚ B. (1997). On the Creation and Maintenance of Collective Memories History as Social Psycology. In Pennebaker, J. & Banasik, B. (Eds.), Collective memory of political events: Social Psychological Perspectives, 3–21. New Jersey: Psychology Press.
Rafaat, S. (1997). “The Cairo Tower”. Retrieved from http://www.egy.com/zamalek/97-10-16.php
Rancière Jacques. (2008). Disagreement: Politics and philosophy. Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota Press.
Reid, D. (2003). Whose Pharaohs? Archeology, Museums, and Egyptian National Identity from Napoleon to World War I . Berkeley: University of California Press.
Kotler, P., Rein, I. & Haider, D. (1993). Place Marketing: attracting investment, industry, and tourism to cities, states, and nations. New York: Free Press.
Sadgrove, P. (1996). The Egyptian Theatre in the Nineteenth Century (199-1882). Berkshire: Ithaca Press.
Schiller, H. (1976). Communication and Cultural Domination. New York: Routledge.
Schiller, H. (1989). Culture, Inc: The corporate takeover of public expression. New York: Oxford University Press.
Sassen, S. (1998). Globalization and its Discontents: Essays on the New Mobility of People and Money. New York: New Press.
Singerman, D., & Amar, P. (2009). Cairo cosmopolitan: Politics, culture, and urban space in the new globalized Middle East. Cairo: The American University Press.
Smith, A. (1991). National Identity. USA: University of Nevada Press.
Sterling, C. (1971). LIFE Magazine “Superdams are monuments to modern technology, the Great Pyramids of our time”. Feb. 12. https://books.google.ca/books?id=qVMEAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA42#v=onepage&q&f=true
Tanović, S. (2020). Designing Memory: The Architecture of Commemoration in Europe, 1914 to the Present (Studies in the Social and Cultural History of Modern Warfare). UK: Cambridge University Press.
Tanner, Henry. 1975. Special to The New York Times. March 30, 1975.
Terdima, R. (1994). Present Past: Modernity and the Memory Crisis. USA: Cornell University Press.
Volcic, Z. & Andrejevic, M. (2015). Commercial Nationalism: Selling the Nation and Nationalizing the Sell . Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Akher Saah (1975). 2 April.
Bibliotheca Alexandrina Retrieved from http://nasser.bibalex.org/Photos/photosmain.aspx?albumId=1145&lang=ar
Naoum Shebib webpage. Retrieved from http://naoumshebib.com/pages_en/tour_du_caire_en.html
New York Times. (1970). 22 July.
“Opening of Cairo Tower”, Al-Ahram, 12 April, 1961.
Wikipedia commons. Retrieved from https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9#/media/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Cairo,_Tower_of_Cairo,_Egypt,_Oct_2004.jpg
Wikipedia commons. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maspero_television_building#/media/File:Kairo_01.jpg
| ||||
|
Statistics Article View: 394 PDF Download: 336 |
||||
