توظيف المواقع الإخبارية المصرية لمقاطع الفيديو في تغطية الحوادث عبر صفحاتها على الفيس بوك- دراسة تحليلية

- Alawi, A. (2022): "aleawamil almuathirat ealaa mustaqbal sahafat alfidyu fi almawaqie al'iiliktruniat almisriati", almajalat almisriat libuhuth alaitisal aljamahiri, (jamieat bani Suif: kuliyat al'iielami), 2(3). 1-67.

- Md. Sayeed Al-Zaman (2022): "Social mediatization of religion: islamic videos on YouTube", Heliyon, Vol. 8. pp.1-6. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09083.

- A. Marthe Möller & d Mark Boukes (2022): "Satirizing the Clothing Industry on YouTube: How Political Satire and User Comments Jointly Shape Behavioral Intentions", MEDIA PSYCHOLOGY, Vol. 25(5), pp. 1-16. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2022.2066004.

- Salim, D. (2022): "maeayir aljawdat fi sahafat alfidyu bialmawaqie al'iikhbariat waitijahat tulaab al'iielam altarbawii nahwuha", almajalat almisriat libuhuth al'iielami, (jamieat Alqahira: kuliyat al'iielami),68(3). 1-45.

- katakit, H. (2022): "ruyat aljumhur lilmaeayir almihniat wal'akhlaqiat alhakimat limuealajat sahafat alfidyu liqadaya wa'ahdath almujtamae almisrii waealaqatiha bialmizaj aleama", majalat albuhuth al'iielamiati, yanayir,(jamieat Al'azhar: kuliyat Al'iielami), 60(3). 1360-1440.

- Alawi, A.  (2020): "tawzif sahafat alfidyu fi almawaqie al'iiliktruniat almisriati", almajalat almisriat libuhuth alaitisal aljamahiri, disambir,(jamieat bani Suif: kuliyat al'iielam ), 1(2). 160-178. 

^- Margareta Salonen, Margarethe Olbertz- Siitonen, Turo Uskali & Salla-Maaria Laaksonen (2022): "Conversational Gatekeeping—Social Interactional Practices of Post-Publication Gatekeeping on Newspapers’ Facebook Pages', Journalism Practice, pp.1-26. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2022.2034520.

- Víctor García-Perdomo (2021): "How Social Media Influence TV Newsrooms Online Engagement and Video Distribution", Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, Vol. 0(0), pp. 1-22. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/10776990211027864.

- Alshirnubi, I. (2022): "madamin aljarimat fi safahat almawaqie al'iikhbariat ealaa alfis buk waineikasatiha ealaa 'iihsas aljumhur bialkhatar aljamei", majalat albuhuth al'iielamiati,( jamieat al'azhar: kuliyat al'iielami), 63(3). 700- 782.

- Marie, H. (2022): "dawafie aistikhdam alshabab aljamaeii lisafahat alhawadith ealaa mawqie alfis buk wal'iishbaeat almutahaqiqat minha", majalat albuhuth al'iielamiati, yanayir ja1,( jamieat Al'azhar: kuliyat al'iielami), 60(4). 246- 302. 

- Muhamad, S. (2022): "aistikhdam alsuhuf almisriat alkhasat likhidmat albathi almubashir eabr safahatiha ealaa alfis buk (dirasat tahliliatan fi daw' thara' alwasilati), majalat albuhuth al'iielamiati, 'abril 4j, (jamieat Al'azhar: kuliyat al'iielami), 61(4). 2175- 2226.

- Mataa, F. (2022): "alealaqat bayn 'akhbar jarayim al'usrat fi eayinat min almawaqie alsahufiat almisriat bayn mashaeir alkhawf ladaa jumhurha- dirasat tatbiqiati", majalat albuhuth al'iielamiati, yanayir ja1(jamieat al'azhar: kuliyat al'iielami), 60(8). 155- 206. 

-Ghali, N. (2022): "misdaqiat mawaqie altawasul alaijtimaeii kamasdar lilmaelumat ean alharb alruwsiat al'uwkraniat fi almujtamae almisrii- dirasatan maydaniatan", majalat albuhuth al'iielamiati, (jamieat Al'azhar: kuliyat al'iielami), 63(6). 1377- 1432.

- Xavier Armengolm, Vicenc Fernandezm, Pep Simom, & Jose M Sallan (2017): "An Examination of the Effects of Self-Regulatory Focus on the Perception of the Media Richness: The Case of E-Mail", International Journal of Business Communication, Vol. 54(4), p. 395. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/2329488415572780.

^- Sikana Tanupabrungsun & Jeff Hemsley (2018):" Studying Celebrity Practices on Twitter Using a Framework for Measuring Media Richness", Social Media + Society, p. 2. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305118763365.

- Gen-Yih Liao, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Tzu-Ling Huang, T. C. E. Cheng, Ching-I Teng,(2020):" Impacts of media richness on network features and community commitment in online games", Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 120(7), p. 1364. Available at: Impacts of media richness on network features and community commitment in online games | Emerald Insight.

- ALAN R. DENNIS, SUSAN T. KINNEY & YU-TING CAISY HUNG (1999): " Gender Differences in the Effects of Media Richness", SMALL GROUP RESEARCH, Vol. 30(4), pp.405-406.

^- Minwoo Lee1, Jung Hwa Hong2, Sunghun Chung 3, & Ki-Joon Back (2021): "Exploring the Roles of DMO’s Social Media Efforts and Information Richness on Customer Engagement: Empirical Analysis on Facebook Event Pages, Journal of Travel Research, Vol ,60 (3), p. 347. Available at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epub/10.1177/0047287520934874.

^- El-Najjar, W. (2017): "'iidrak tulaab al'iielam limafhum sahafat alfidyu al'iiliktruniat waitijahatihim nahwaha- dirasat maydaniatin", almajalat aleilmiat libuhuth alsahafati, (jamieat Alqahirati: kuliyat al'iielami), 9(4)., 105-106.

- Dan Messineo (2015): "Doing it alone: Do video journalists affect the quality and credibility of television news?",

 M.S., ( United States : Colorado State University, Journalism & Technical Communication),P.11. Available at: https://www.proquest.com/docview/1694558292/abstract/B90EB084E40D4694PQ/1?accountid=178282.

^-  Gladys L. Cleland (2016)" :Journalism trends and consultants' recommendations: A case study for a video journalism communication curriculum design", Ph.D., (United States- Arizona: University of Phoenix , School of Advanced Studies),pp, 3-6. Available at: https://www.proquest.com/docview/1830478620/fulltextPDF/6D722DFD1F514AE5PQ/1?accountid=178282.

^- Annabell Halfmann, Helena Dech, Jana Riemann, Leonie Schlenker, & Hartmut Wessler (2019):" Moving Closer to the Action: How Viewers’ Experiences of Eyewitness Videos in TV News Influence the Trustworthiness of the Reports", Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, Vol. 96(2), pp. 367-379. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699018785890.

^- Nathan Farrell, Stuart Allan (2015):" Redrawing boundaries: WITNESS and the politics of citizen videos". Global Media and Communication, Vol. 11(3), p. 249. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1742766515606291.

^- Sandra Ristovska (2016):" Human rights through the lens: A study of the institutionalization and professionalization of video activism", Ph.D., (United States: University of Pennsylvania,
Communication),p.18. Available at: https://www.proquest.com/docview/1840802889/abstract/C11A4CD3CC3E43C0PQ/1?accountid=178282.

- Salim, A. (2019): "aistikhdam alshabab aljamieii lisahafat alfidyu al'iiliktruniat watathiriha ealaa almafahim almujtamaeiat ladayhim", majalat albuhuth al'iielamiati, yanayir ja2,(jamieat Al'azhar kuliyat al'iielami), 51(3). 

- Attia, I. (2021): "dur sahafat alfidyu fi altaathir ealaa aitijahat aljumhur nahw 'azmat kufid19(kuruna)", almutamar aleilmiu alduwaliu alsaadis waleishrin (al'iielam alraqmii wal'iielam altaqlidi: masarat altakamul walmunafasati), (jamieat Alqahirat: kuliyat al'iielami).

- Jibril, M. (2020): "tawzif maqatie alfidyu altasharukiat fi altaweiat bijayihat kuruna walwiqayat minha- dirasat maydaniat ealaa eayinat min sukaan almamlakat alearabiat alsaeudiati", majalat albuhuth al'iielamiat, (jamieat Al'azhar: kuliyat al'iielami), 54(4).

- Julie Fedor & Rolf Fredheim (2017): "We need more clips about Putin, and lots of them:” Russia's state-commissioned online visual culture", Nationalities Papers, Vol. 45(2), pp. 161-174. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2016.1266608.

^- ARRON D. HUSTEAD (2012): "Viral video advertisements: Uses and gratifications research", M. A. (United States: University of Missouri – Columbia), p.1. Available at: https://www.proquest.com/docview/1114482076/fulltextPDF/7C8120691E6F44E9PQ/1?accountid=178282.

^- Kayvan Kousha, Mike Thelwall & Mahshid Abdoli (2012): "The Role of Online Videos in Research Communication: A Content Analysis of YouTube Videos Cited in Academic Publications", Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Vol. 63(9), pp. 1710-1721. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.22717.

- D. Shi, F. Sun, X. Xu, X. Lan, D. Gotz, & N. Cao1(2021): AutoClips: An Automatic Approach to Video Generation from Data Facts, Temporal Data and Animation, Vol. 40(3), p. 504. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.14324.

^- Gina Masullo Chen, Peter S. Chen, Chen-Wei Chang & Zainul Abedin (2017): News video quality affects online sites’ credibility. Newspaper Research Journal, Vol. 38(1), pp. 18-28. Available at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0739532917696087.

- Peter S. Chen, Nicholas Wilson, Gina Masullo Chen & Chen-Wei Chang (2015): "Longer, Higher Quality Videos Preferred by News Viewers". Newspaper Research Journal, Vol. 36(2), p. 220. Available at: https://08113h1ow-1103-y-https-doi-org.mplbci.ekb.eg/10.1177/0739532915587291.

^- PR Newswir (2020): "AP to Equip all Visual Journalists ^Globally with Sony Imaging Products", PR Newswire Association LLC, (United States, New York),P.1. . Available at: https://www.proquest.com/docview/2426158478?accountid=178282&forcedol=true.

• Meng Yang and Gary Marchionini(2005):" Exploring users' video relevance criteria—A pilot study, Proceedings of the 67th ASIS&T Annual Meeting", Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology , Vol. 41(1), p. 236. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/meet.1450410127.
• Chunneng Huang, Tianjun Fu, & Hsinchun Chen(2010):" Text-Based Video Content Classification for Online Video-Sharing Sites" , Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,61(5), p. 893. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.21291^.
• Anastasia Denisova (2022):" Viral journalism. Strategy, tactics and limitations of the fast spread of content on social media: Case study of the United Kingdom quality publications". Journalism, Vol. 0(0), p. 7. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849221077749.
• Yu Xiang(2019): "User-generated news: Netizen journalism in China in the age of short video", Global Media and China, Vol. 4(1),p p. 56-57. Available at: https://08113h2po-1103-y-https-doi-org.mplbci.ekb.eg/10.1177/2059436419836064.
• - Brik , A.,brik, 'Ahmedm E. (2017): "alharb ealaa al'iirhab kama taekisaha sahafat alfidyu fi almawaqie al'iiliktruniat almisriat wal'amrikiat almuajahat bialearabiati- dirasat tahliliat simiayiyatan", almutamar alduwaliu althaalith waleishrin (wasayil alaitisal waqadaya alsirae fi alealami), almajalat Almisriat libuhuth al'aelami, (jamieat Alqahirati: kuliyat al'iielami), 60(3).
•  
• - Sabri, M. (2018): "taearad almurahiqin lifidyuhat al'azamat alaiqtisadiat walaijtimaeiat bimawaqie alsuhuf al'iiliktruniat washabakat altawasul alaijtimaeii waealaqatih bibina' tasawuratihim lilwaqiei", almajalat aleilmiat libuhuth alsahafati, (jamieat Alqahirati: kuliyat al'iielami), 13(3).
•  
• - Mahmud, S. (2022): "aleawamil almuathirat fi misdaqiat sahafat alfidyu ladaa aljumhur alearabii waealaqatuha bimustawayat aistikhdamih laha- dirasat maydaniati", majalat albuhuth waldirasat al'iielamiati, (alqahirati: almaehad alduwalii aleali lil'iielam bialshuruq), 20(4).

^-Silvia Knobloch-Westerwick & Simon M. Lavis (2017): "Selecting Serious or Satirical, Supporting or Stirring News? Selective Exposure to Partisan versus Mockery News Online Videos", Journal of Communication, Vol. 67, (1), p. 69. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12271.

- Thomas B Ksiazek, Limor Peer& Kevin Lessard (2016): "User engagement with online news: Conceptualizing interactivity and exploring the relationship between online news videos and user comments", new media & society, Vol. 18, (3), p p. 109-110. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814545073.

• Mary Angela Bock (2016): "Showing versus telling: Comparing online video from newspaper and television websites", Journalism, Vol. 17, (4), p. 503. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884914568076.

^- Brooke Elizabeth Auxier (2012): Social media ^instruction in journalism and mass communications higher education, M. A., (United States: University of Maryland, College Park, Journalism), pp. 5-6. Available at: https://www.proquest.com/docview/1170997568/abstract/6E7C62754CA0465BPQ/1?accountid=178282.

^- GORDON SEVERSON (2019): "Ethical Dilemmas on Social Networking Sites: Focus Group Discussions with Journalists and News Consumers", M.A.( United States: University of Missouri – Columbia, Journalism), PP.41-23. Available at: https://www.proquest.com/docview/2338533858/abstract/BFA745AFB2BA47EBPQ/1?accountid=178282.

^- Edson C Tandoc Jr, Julian Maitra (2018): "News organizations’ use of Native Videos on Facebook: Tweaking the journalistic field one algorithm change at a time", new media & society, Vol. 20(5), p. 1681. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817702398.

- Matthew Powers, Sandra Vera-Zambrano (2017): "How journalists use social media in France and the United States: Analyzing technology use across journalistic fields", new media & society, Vol. 20(8), p. 2729. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817731566.

^-  Anamaria Dutceac Segesten, Michael Bossetta, Nils Holmberg & Diederick Niehorster (2020): "The cueing power of comments on social media: how disagreement in Facebook comments affects user engagement with news, Information", Communication & Society, P. 15. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2020.1850836.

- Andrea Ceron (2015):"Internet, News, and Political Trust: The Difference Between Social Media and Online Media Outlets", Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication,(International Communication Association), , Vol. 20, p. 499. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12129.

^- María Eugenia Martínez-Sanchez, Ruben Nicolas-Sans & Javier Bustos Díaz, (2021): "Analysis of the social media strategy of audio-visual OTTs in Spain: The case study of Netflix, HBO and Amazon Prime during the implementation of Disney", Technological Forecasting & Social Changem, Vol. 173, p. 3. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121178.

- Merryn Sherwood, Matthew Nicholson (2012): "Web 2.0 platforms and the work of newspaper sport journalists", Journalism, Vol. 14(7), p. 955. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884912458662.

- Sonia Blanco, Bella Palomo (2019):" Sonia Blanco, Bella Palomo(2019):" Desencuentro de los periodistas con YouTube", professional de la informacion, Vol. 28(4), p.3. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2019.jul.11.

- Matthew Powers, Sandra Vera-Zambrano (2017): "How journalists use social media in France and the United States: Analyzing technology use across journalistic fields", new media & society, Vol. 20(8), p. 2729. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817731566.

- Gerret von Nordheim, Karin Boczek & Lars Koppers(2018): "Sourcing the Sources(An analysis of the use of Twitter and Facebook as a journalistic source over 10 years in The New York Times, The Guardian, and Süddeutsche Zeitung)", Digital Journalism, Vol. 6(7), p. 822. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1490658.

- Alshahawi, S. (2018): "aitijahat alsahafiiyn almisriiyn nahw tawzif mawaqie altawasul alaijtimaeii fi aleamal alsuhufii waltafaeul mae aljumhur", almajalat aleilmiat libuhuth alsahafati,,(jamieat Alqahirat: kuliyat al'iielami), 13(2).

- 'Abu jabr, A. (2021): "aietimad talabat aljamieat alfilastiniat fi qitae eizat ealaa maqatie alfidyu eabr alshabakat alaijtimaeiat fi taeziz alwaey alsihiyi bifayrus kuruna COVID 19", majalat albuhuth waldirasat al'iielamiati, (alqahirati: almaehad alduwalii aleali lil'iielam bi Alshuruqi), 16(2). 

- Abdel Moez, H. (2020): "aistikhdam tatbiqat alfidyu alqasir waealaqatih bialathar alnafsiat walaijtimaeiat ladaa aljumhur", majalat albuhuth al'iielamiati, yuliu, (jamieat Al'azhar kuliyat al'iielami), 54(1). 

^- Liesbeth Hermans Maurice Vergeer, Leen d’Haenens(2009): "Internet in the Daily Life of Journalists: Explaining the use of the Internet by Work-Related Characteristics and Professional Opinions", Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, Vol. 15 , pp.144-145 . Available at: 10.1111 / j.1083-6101.2009.01497.x.

- Jhoana Paula L Tuazon Jasper Emmanuel Y Arcalas Janine Marie D Soliman (2020): "Journalists’ creative process in newswork: A Grounded theory study from the Philippines", Journalism, Vol. 0, p. 5. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884920947909.

- Serena Carpenter, Seungahn Nah, & Deborah Chun(2015): "A study of US online community journalists and their organizational characteristics and story generation routines". Journalism, Vol. 16(4), p. 515. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884913511567.

- Mary Angela Bock & Allison Lazard(2022): "Narrative transparency and credibility: First–person process statements in video news" . Convergence, Vol. 28(3), p. 888. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/13548565211027813.

^- Daxton R. “Chip” & Jeremy Littau (2016): "Up, Periscope: Mobile Streaming Video Technologies, Privacy in Public, and the Right to Record". Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, Vol. 93(2), p. 312. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699016637106.

https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2023-egypt?rq=egypt

 https://www.tra.gov.eg/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/1-Day-infograph-Oct-2021-New.pdf.

https://wearesocial.com/us/blog/2023/01/the-changing-world-of-digital-in-2023/.

https://gs.statcounter.com/social-media-stats.

- shahata, A. (2020): "madamin aljarimat eabr mawaqie altawasul alaijtimaeii waineikasatiha alnafsiat walaijtimaeiat ealaa alshababi", almajalat alearabiat libuhuth al'iielam waliaitisali, 'uktubur(jamieat al'ahram alkanadiati: kuliyat al'iielami), 31(2).

https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp.

: https://www.capmas.gov.eg/Pages/Publications.aspx?page_id=5104&Year=23545.

https://www.facebook.com/AlmasryAlyoum/videos/775540083596222/.

https://www.facebook.com/Youm7/videos/5357872947633531/.

: https://www.capmas.gov.eg/Pages/Publications.aspx?page_id=5104&Year=23546.

- Javier Mayoral Sánchez, Paloma Abejón Mendoza & Montserrat Morata Santos(2016): “Video in the Spanish digital „press‟: 2010-2015”. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, Vol, 71, P. 796. Available at: Video in the Spanish digital ‘press’: 2010-2015.

^- Lu Wu (2017): MEET THE NEW PLAYERS: A STUDY OF DIGITAL NATIVE JOURNALISTS AND JOURNALISTIC PROFESSIONALISM, Ph. D, (University of North Carolina, School of Media and Journalism), p.64.

https://www.facebook.com/Youm7/videos/451715956868536/.

- Alkhuli, S. (2022): "astikhdam mawaqie alsuhuf almisriat likhidmat albathi almubashir Live Streaming waealaqatih bitafdilat aljumhur almisrii", almajalat aleilmiat libuhuth alsahafati, (jamieat Alqahirati: kuliyat al'iielami), 23(5).

https://www.facebook.com/Youm7/videos/349481764052544.

https://www.facebook.com/watch/?ref=search&v=1132007820727536.

- Monika Djerf-Pierre, Mia Lindgren, & Mikayla Alexis Budinski (2019): "The Role of Journalism on YouTube: Audience Engagement with ‘Superbug’ Reporting", Media and Communication, Vol, 7(1), P. 237. Available at: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/1758.

^- Michael Karlsson, Annika Bergström, Christer Clerwall& Karin Fast (2015): "Participatory journalism – the (r)evolution that wasn’t. Content and user behavior in Sweden 2007–2013", Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, Vol. 20.P.305. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12115.

- Alyamanii, G. (2015): "altaathirat almaerifiat waltadhkiriat lilfidyuhat alsahufiat almusahibat lil'ahdath al'iirhabiati- dirasat tajribiat ealaa tulaab alsahafati", almajalat aleilmiat libuhuth alsahafati, (jamieat al'azhar: kuliyat al'iielami), 2(3) 

^- Mary A. Bock (2012): " Newspaper journalism and video: Motion, sound, and new narratives", New Media & Society, Vol. 14(4), p.612. Available at: https://08113dc4x-1103-y-https-doi-org.mplbci.ekb.eg/10.1177/1461444811421650.

- Peter S. Chen, Nicholas Wilson, Gina Masullo Chen & Chen-Wei Chang,(2015):" Longer, Higher Quality Videos Preferred by News Viewers ", Newspaper Research Journal, Vol, 36(2), P. 219. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0739532915587291.

^- Sara Pérez-Seijo(2021): “Use of 360º video by digital native media: exploratory analysis of the first steps in the Spanish journalistic landscape”. Profesional de la información, Vol, 30(3), P. 6. Available at: https://www.proquest.com/docview/2531929499/abstract/B4BE364380BD47D6PQ/1?accountid=178282.

^- Najat AlSaied & Fokiya Akhtar (2021): "Media students using mobile phones in the Arabian Gulf to improve English writing and video production skills", Learning and Teaching in Higher Education: Gulf Perspectives, Vol, 17(1), P. 13. Available at: https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/LTHE-09-2020-0038/full/html.

- David H. Weaver, Lars Willnat, & G. Cleveland Wilhoit (2019): "The American Journalist in the Digital Age: Another Look at U.S. News People", Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, Vol. 96 (1), p.122. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699018778242.

- Ahmed Deen (2019): "Exploring Saudi Journalists’ Attitudes Towards Ethical Issues of Mobile Journalism", M.S.M.C.,( United States: Arkansas State University, Journalism), P. 43. Available at: https://www.proquest.com/docview/2273836096/abstract/9AA2845BA4BF4FA0PQ/1?accountid=178282.

- Stan Ketterer, John McGuire, & Ray Murray (2013): "Contrasting Desired Sports Journalism Skills in a Convergent, "Media Environment, Communication & Sport, Vol, 2(3), P. 270. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/2167479513482118.

- Chang-de Liu (2004): "Technology, media workers, and the labor process: ICT's influences on Taiwanese newspaper journalists and freelancers", Ph. D,( University Graduate Board: the Temple University Graduate Board),P.218.

- Norman E. Youngblood & Ryan Lysaght (2015): 'Accessibility and Use of Online Video Captions by Local Television News Websites, Electronic News, Vol .9(4), P. 253. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1931243115604885.