EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND ORGAN TYPE ON CALLUS INDUCTION, GROWTH DYNAMIC, POLYPHENOL, FLAVONOID AND TANNIN CONTENT IN MILK THISTLE (SILYBUM MARIANUM L.GAERTN.) TISSUE CULTURE | ||||
| Minia Journal of Agricultural Research and Development | ||||
| Volume 43, Issue 4, December 2023, Page 459-477 PDF (629.57 K) | ||||
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| Abstract | ||||
| Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn., Asteraceae) is an annual or biennial, broadleaf plant native in North African and Mediterranean with highly valued medicinal properties. The active compound in S. marianum is silymarin; which is an isomeric mixture of flavonolignans which used in pharmaceutical industries. Milk thistle is the most commonly used herbal product for chronic liver disease and may be beneficial for reducing the chances for developing certain cancers. Plant secondary metabolites, which have been extracted from in vivo grown plants, were used for a long time but the general trend new is to extract these secondary metabolites from in vitro grown plants. We cannot ignore the importance of using tissue culture techniques which gives the ease of almost all of plant researches, also there are so many other reasons such as protection from weather and from diseases, pests, soil problems and obtaining mass quantities with low cost. As obtaining secondary metabolites from milk thistle plants is considered a tedious process, it became clear that replacing this by obtaining these products from in vitro might be better, so our successful attempt was made to produce calluses and extract the active ingredients from them. The result of the experiment showed that significances differences were found in the influence of organ and medium type on callus initiation, growth dynamic and chemical content from polyphenol, flavonoid and tannin. The best medium for callus induction was MS3 (supplemented with 2 mg Kin/L + 2 mg/L NAA) for leaf organ and MS1 (1.5 mg/L 2,4-D + 1.5 mg/L BA) for stem node organ. The highest callus fresh weight was 300.4±9.66 mg/culture and that achieved on MS3 from leaf organ. Stem node callus grow on MS3 showed the highest content of polyphenol and flavonoids while the leaf callus grow on MS1 and MS3 showed the highest content of tannin . | ||||
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