Chinese Porcelain with Arabic Magic Squares from the Qing Dynasty: An Archaeological Study | ||
| Shedet | ||
| Volume 13, Issue 13, August 2024, Pages 267-294 PDF (4.67 M) | ||
| Document Type: research articles | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/shedet.2023.219498.1202 | ||
| Author | ||
| Hamada Hagras* | ||
| Islamic Archaeology, Faculty of Archaeology l, Fayoum Univ, Egypt | ||
| Abstract | ||
| ABSTRACT Muslims used magic numbers as religious mandalas, meditation tools, talismans, and amulets. These numbers were put on a variety of raw materials such as ceramics, metal, wood, fabric, and more. Known as a 4×4 magic square, or a magic square of the order 4, the numbers used added to 195. This quotient is known as the magic constant. This article is a study of nine Chinese porcelain bowels with magic squares that include Quranic and Shiite writing. The study examines the mathematical operations of these numbers, using historical, analytical, and comparative approaches. The meaning of the numbers is also analyzed to understand their symbolism and how the numbers are linked to the surrounding Arabic texts. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Porcelain; Magic Square; Chinese Muslims; the Shiites; Qing | ||
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