Clinical, Haematological, Biochemical Alterations, and Potential Risk Factors Associated with Ill-Thrift in Goats Raised at Smallholder Farms in Egypt
Esraa, E., Safaa, N., Samia, F., Mohammed, K., Sabry, E., Magdy, E. (2025). Clinical, Haematological, Biochemical Alterations, and Potential Risk Factors Associated with Ill-Thrift in Goats Raised at Smallholder Farms in Egypt. EKB Journal Management System, 56(5), 1031-1041. doi: 10.21608/ejvs.2024.278076.1940
Elkashefy Esraa; Nour Safaa; Fawy Samia; Karmi Mohammed; Elkhodery Sabry; Elgioushy Magdy. "Clinical, Haematological, Biochemical Alterations, and Potential Risk Factors Associated with Ill-Thrift in Goats Raised at Smallholder Farms in Egypt". EKB Journal Management System, 56, 5, 2025, 1031-1041. doi: 10.21608/ejvs.2024.278076.1940
Esraa, E., Safaa, N., Samia, F., Mohammed, K., Sabry, E., Magdy, E. (2025). 'Clinical, Haematological, Biochemical Alterations, and Potential Risk Factors Associated with Ill-Thrift in Goats Raised at Smallholder Farms in Egypt', EKB Journal Management System, 56(5), pp. 1031-1041. doi: 10.21608/ejvs.2024.278076.1940
Esraa, E., Safaa, N., Samia, F., Mohammed, K., Sabry, E., Magdy, E. Clinical, Haematological, Biochemical Alterations, and Potential Risk Factors Associated with Ill-Thrift in Goats Raised at Smallholder Farms in Egypt. EKB Journal Management System, 2025; 56(5): 1031-1041. doi: 10.21608/ejvs.2024.278076.1940

Clinical, Haematological, Biochemical Alterations, and Potential Risk Factors Associated with Ill-Thrift in Goats Raised at Smallholder Farms in Egypt

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences
Volume 56, Issue 5, May 2025, Page 1031-1041  XML PDF (1001.63 K)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/ejvs.2024.278076.1940
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Authors
Elkashefy Esraa1; Nour Safaa1; Fawy Samia1; Karmi Mohammed1; Elkhodery Sabry2; Elgioushy Magdy email orcid 1
1Aswan University
2Mansoura University
Abstract
Ill-thrift or poor growth in small ruminants is a global concern for both veterinarians and small ruminants' producers. The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors of ill-thrift and the associated clinicopathological changes. Smallholder farms were the source of 150 goats used in the study. Based on clinical findings and body condition score (BCS), the goats were classified into 3 groups: emaciated (BCS 1, n = 46), thin (BCS 1.5-2, n = 52), and control (BCS≥2.5, n = 52), respectively . Blood samples were used for clinicopathological investigations, and risk factors were tested. Goats suffering from emaciation had a significant decrease in haemoglobin (HGB) (P= 0.012), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) (P= 0.029), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (P=0.03), albumin (P=0.009), sodium (Na) (P=0.039), iron (Fe) (P=0.004), copper (Cu) (P=0.022), and selenium (Se) (P= 0.027) compared to the control group. White blood cell count and globulin levels, on the other hand, were significantly elevated in the emaciated group (P= 0.0001, and P= 0.039, respectively). Goats aged ≤ 2 years (odds ratio (OR): 6.5, P = 0.0001), female goats (OR: 10.1, P = 0.0001), and those fed on unbalanced rations (OR: 13.3, P = 0.032) were at higher risk of ill-thrift. In conclusion, this study evidenced that ill-thrift is associated with significant alterations in the haematological and biochemical profiles. Young age, gender, and unbalanced rations are the potential risk factors for ill-thrift in goats. Recognition of risk factors associated with ill-thrift provides valuable insights for prevention and management programs.
Keywords
Ill-thrift; small ruminants; clinical pathology; epidemiology
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