Characterization and neutralizing potential of plasma-derived immunoglobulins in hepatitis C virus patients in Auchi, Nigeria: Implications for passive immunization

Olaniyan, Mathew Folaranmi; Ajiboye, Kemi Felicia; OLANIYAN, Tolulope Busayo; Adeniran, Medinat Taiwo; Kanikwu, Phoebe Nwamaka; Muhibi, Musa Abidemi; Odegbemi, Odekunle Bola

doi:10.21608/mid.2024.296894.1989

	Characterization and neutralizing potential of plasma-derived immunoglobulins in hepatitis C virus patients in Auchi, Nigeria: Implications for passive immunization
Microbes and Infectious Diseases
Article 8, Volume 6, Issue 1, February 2025, Page 93-101 PDF (214.37 K)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/mid.2024.296894.1989
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Authors
Mathew Folaranmi Olaniyan ¹; Kemi Felicia Ajiboye ²; Tolulope Busayo OLANIYAN ¹; Medinat Taiwo Adeniran³; Phoebe Nwamaka Kanikwu ⁴; Musa Abidemi Muhibi ¹; Odekunle Bola Odegbemi ¹
¹Medical Laboratory Science Department, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Edo State University, Uzairue, Nigeria
²Public Health Department, Torrens University Adelaide, Australia
³College of Nursing Eleyele, Ibadan, Nigeria
⁴Nursing Science Department, Edo State University, Uzairue, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection poses a substantial public health concern in Nigeria, with prevalence estimates of 1-2% in the general population. While direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy is the standard treatment, passive immunization utilizing plasma-derived medicinal immunoglobulins emerges as a potential adjunctive or alternative approach. However, the distribution and therapeutic potential of these immunoglobulins, particularly in Nigeria, still need to be studied. Aim: This study aimed to assess the pattern of plasma-derived medicinal immunoglobulins in HCV-infected patients in Auchi, Nigeria, and evaluate their suitability for passive immunization. Methods: Immunoglobulin subtypes, including IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgE, were isolated and quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). HCV-specific antibodies within each subtype were identified, and neutralization assays were conducted to assess their capacity to neutralize HCV particles. Results: The study revealed a predominance of IgG antibodies (100%), with a mean titer of 1:8,000 against HCV-specific antigens, suggesting robust humoral immune responses. Additionally, IgM (90.7%) and IgA (69.3%) antibodies were prevalent, with moderate neutralizing capacities observed. IgG antibodies demonstrated the highest neutralization capacity (mean: 80%), supporting their potential for passive immunization. Conclusion: These findings underscore the viability of plasma-derived immunoglobulins for passive immunization against HCV in Nigeria, highlighting the need for further research to optimize region-specific therapeutic strategies. This study lays the foundation for tailored immunoglobulin therapies targeting prevalent HCV genotypes to enhance treatment accessibility and improve clinical outcomes in Nigeria.
Keywords
Hepatitis C Virus; Immunoglobulin; Subtypes; Passive Immunization; Antiviral Neutralization


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