Seroprevalence of Lumpy skin disease and associated risk factors in cattle in Kilolo District, Iringa Tanzania

Leopord, Leonitha; Chengula, Augustino Alfred; Karimuribo, Esron Daniel

doi:10.21608/javs.2024.306990.1384

	Seroprevalence of Lumpy skin disease and associated risk factors in cattle in Kilolo District, Iringa Tanzania
Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences
Article 8, Volume 9, Issue 4, October 2024, Page 60-68 PDF (361.8 K)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/javs.2024.306990.1384
View on SCiNiTO
Authors
Leonitha Leopord ¹; Augustino Alfred Chengula²; Esron Daniel Karimuribo ³
¹Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Box 3015 Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania. Kilolo district council, P.O. Box 2324, Kilolo, Iringa Tanzania
²Department of Microbiology Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Box 3015 Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania
³Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Box 3015 Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania
Abstract
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an infectious disease of cattle caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), which is a member of the Poxviridae family and genus Capripoxvirus. The illness is marked by mild to severe symptoms, including edema, fever, lymphadenitis, widespread skin nodules, and infrequently, death. In spite of its significance, little is now understood about the magnitude and predisposing factors in Tanzania. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of LSD in cattle within Kilolo district, and to identify key predisposing factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 17 villages within Kilolo district from February to March 2024 to estimate the seroprevalence of LSD in cattle. A total number of 276 serum samples was obtained from 65 cattle herds and a Double Antigen ELISA (ID Screen®) (IDVet, France) was used to screen for LSDV antibodies. Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the risk factors for LSD seropositivity. The overall animal- and herd-level seroprevalence were 18.1% (95% CI: 13.98–23.14) and 44.6% (95% CI: 7.54–15.38), respectively. The highest individual animal level seroprevalence was documented in Irindi village 39.1% (95% CI: 5.36–12.24), followed by Masalali 38.5% (95% CI: 6.25–13.50), Ng’uruhe 37.5% (95% CI: 5.65–12.66), Irole 33% (95% CI: 1.5–6.10), and Utengule 26.5% (95% CI: 3.07-8.81) with significant differences (p=0.003). The seroprevalence of LSD varied significantly (P<0.001) among the three age groups, with adults >2 years having a higher seroprevalence (29.8%, 95%CI, 52.27–64.21) than yearlings aged 1-2 years (5. 6%, 95%CI, 9.31–17.60) and calves (0.0%, 95%CI, 23.36-34.35). Sex (Female/male, OR=2.0937, 95%CI, 1.4642-3.0248), age (Yearling/Adult, OR=0.1756, 95%CI, 0.0841-0.3730), village (OR=0.8970, 95%CI, 0.8349-0.9636) and herd size (Large/small, OR=1.9464, 95%CI, 1.1597-3.2669) were significant risk factors for LSDV seropositivity in Kilolo district. Raising awareness among livestock owners and veterinary staff about the disease and its risk factors, vaccination and vector control measures should be prioritized to minimize the transmission of the disease.
Keywords
Antibody; Cattle; ELISA; LSD; Risk factors; Seroprevalence


References
ABD ELMOHSEN, M., SELIM, A., and ABD ELMONEIM, A. E., 2019. Prevalence and molecular characterization of Lumpy Skin Disease in cattle during the period 2016-2017. Benha Veterinary Medical Journal, 37(1), 173–176. https://doi.org/10.21608/bvmj.2019.18293.1118 ABERA, Z., DEGEFU, H., GARI, G., and AYANA, Z., 2015. Review on epidemiology and economic importance of Lumpy skin disease. Int. J. Basic Appl. Virol, 4, 8–21. AL-SALIHI, K. A. 2014. Lumpy Skin disease: Review of literature. Mirror of Research in Veterinary. Sciences and Animals, 3(3), 6–23. ARCHER, K. J., LEMESHOW, S., and HOSMER, D. W., 2007. Goodness-of-fit tests for logistic regression models when data are collected using a complex sampling design. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, 51(9), 4450–4464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2006.07.006 DUBIE, T., HUSSEN ABEGAZ, F., DEREJE, B., NEGASH, W., and HAMID, M., 2022. Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of lumpy skin disease of cattle in selected districts of afar region, Ethiopia. Veterinary Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 13, 191–199. https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S375273 EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2015. Scientific Opinion on lumpy skin disease: Lumpy skin disease. EFSA Journal, 13(1), 3986. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.3986 EZZELDIN, A., BASHANDY, E., AHMED, Z., and ISMAIL, T., 2023. Descriptive epidemiology and associated risk factors of lumpy skin disease in Egypt during 2006-2018. Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, 8(1), 90–96. https://doi.org/10.21608/javs.2022.174716.1192 FENTIE, T., FENTA, N., LETA, S., MOLLA, W., AYELE, B., TESHOME, Y., NIGATU, S., and ASSEFA, A., 2017. Sero-prevalence, risk factors and distribution of sheep and goat pox in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. BMC Veterinary Research, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-017-1312-0 GARI, G., GROSBOIS, V., WARET-SZKUTA, A., BABIUK, S., JACQUIET, P., and ROGER, F., 2012. Lumpy skin disease in Ethiopia: Seroprevalence study across different agro-climate zones. Acta Tropica, 123(2), 101–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.04.009 HAILU, B., TOLOSA, T., GARI, G., TEKLUE, T., and BEYENE, B., 2014. Estimated prevalence and risk factors associated with clinical Lumpy skin disease in north-eastern Ethiopia. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 115(1–2), 64–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.03.013 HASIB, F. M. Y., ISLAM, M. S., DAS, T., RANA, E. A., UDDIN, M. H., BAYZID, M., NATH, C., HOSSAIN, M. A., MASUDUZZAMAN, M., DAS, S., and ALIM, M. A., 2021. Lumpy skin disease outbreak in cattle population of Chattogram, Bangladesh. Veterinary Medicine and Science, 7(5), 1616–1624. https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.524 ISSIMOV, A., KUTUMBETOV, L., ORYNBAYEV, M. B., KHAIRULLIN, B., MYRZAKHMETOVA, B., SULTANKULOVA, K., and WHITE, P. J., 2020. Mechanical transmission of lumpy skin disease virus by Stomoxys spp (Stomoxys calsitrans, Stomoxys sitiens, Stomoxys Indica), Diptera: Muscidae. Animals: An Open Access Journal from MDPI, 10(3), 477. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10030477 JALANGO, D., BEGASHA, E., and KWEKA, T., 2019. Tanzania Country Climate Risk Profile Series: Kilolo District. 1–28. https://www.nwo.nl/en/projects/w-08260311 KIPLAGAT, S. K., KITALA, P. M., ONONO, J. O., BEARD, P. M., and LYONS, N. A., 2020. Risk factors for outbreaks of lumpy skin disease and the economic impact in cattle farms of Nakuru county, Kenya. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00259 MAKOGA, F. T., NASSORO, Y. R., KAFYULILO, N. Z., NGASSA, C. M., CHANGA, J., BITANYI, S., and NJAU, E. P., 2024. Seroprevalence and Potential Risk Factors for Lumpy Skin Disease Seropositivity in Tanga and Pwani Regions in Tanzania. East African Journal of Science, 5(3). MATOPE, G., BHEBHE, E., MUMA, J. B., LUND, A., and SKJERVE, E., 2010. Herd-level factors for Brucella seropositivity in cattle reared in smallholder dairy farms of Zimbabwe. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 94(3–4), 213–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.01.003 MOLLA, WASSIE, FRANKENA, K., GARI, G., KIDANE, M., SHEGU, D., and DE JONG, M. C. M., 2018. Seroprevalence and risk factors of lumpy skin disease in Ethiopia. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 160, 99–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.09.029 MUEMA, J., OBOGE, H., MUTONO, N., MAKORI, A., OYUGI, J., BUKANIA, Z., NJUGUNA, J., JOST, C., OGOTI, B., OMULO, S., and THUMBI, S. M., 2022. Sero – epidemiology of brucellosis in people and their livestock: A linked human-animal cross-sectional study in a pastoralist community in Kenya. NAING, L., WINN, T. B. N. R., and RUSLI, B. N., 2006. Practical issues in calculating the sample size for prevalence studies. Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 1, 9–14. NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS (NBS) [TANZANIA], 2022. National Demographic Socio-Economic Profile. Dodoma, Tanzania: NBS. https://www.nbs.go.tz/tnada/index.php/catalog/45 OCHWO, S., VANDERWAAL, K., MUNSEY, A., NKAMWESIGA, J., NDEKEZI, C., AUMA, E., and MWIINE, F. N., 2019. Seroprevalence and risk factors for lumpy skin disease virus seropositivity in cattle in Uganda. BMC Veterinary Research, 15(1), 236. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-1983-9 OIE., 2013. Infection with Lumpy Skin Disease, Teresterial Animal Health Code. World Organization for Animal Health. RADOSTITS, O. M., GAY, C. C., and HINCHCLIFF, K. W., 2006. Veterinary Medicine E-Book: Veterinary Medicine E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. RATYOTHA, K., PRAKOBWONG, S., and PIRATAE, S., 2022. Lumpy skin disease: A newly emerging disease in Southeast Asia. Veterinary World, 15(12), 2764-2771. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2022.2764-2771 SELIM, A., MANAA, E., AND KHATER, H., 2021. Seroprevalence and risk factors for lumpy skin disease in cattle in Northern Egypt. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 53(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-021-02786-0 TROYO, A., CALDERÓN-ARGUEDAS, O., FULLER, D. O., SOLANO, M. E., AVENDAÑO, A., ARHEART, K. L., CHADEE, D. D., and BEIER, J. C., 2008. Seasonal profiles of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larval habitats in an urban area of Costa Rica with a history of mosquito control. Journal of Vector Ecology: Journal of the Society for Vector Ecology, 33(1), 76–88. https://doi.org/10.3376/1081-1710(2008) TUPPURAINEN, E. S. M., AND OURA, C. A. L., 2012. Review: lumpy skin disease: an emerging threat to Europe, the Middle East and Asia: Emerging lumpy skin disease. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 59(1), 40–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01242.x TUPPURAINEN, E., ALEXANDROV, T., and BELTRÁN-ALCRUDO, D., 2017. Lumpy skin disease field manual - A manual for veterinarians. FAO Animal Production and Health Manual No (Vol. 20). Rome. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. YOUSEF, P. S., DALIR-NAGHADEH, B., MARDANI, K., and JALILZADEH-AMIN, G., 2018. Phylogenetic analysis of the lumpy skin disease viruses in Northwest of Iran. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 50, 1851–1185.
Statistics Article View: 557 PDF Download: 425