A histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical study of STZ-induced diabetes mellitus' effects on adult male albino rats' cerebral cortex and alpha lipoic acid's protective role. | ||
| Egyptian Journal of Histology | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 20 September 2024 | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejh.2024.308837.2116 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Eman M. A. Abdelghany1; Amira Hamed2; Fatma Elzahraa Fathy Negm* 3; Eman Borai4 | ||
| 1Department of human anatomy and embryology, Faculty of medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt. | ||
| 2Anatomy department, Faculty of medicine, Zagazig university | ||
| 3Demonstrator of Human Anatomy and Embryology Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University,Egypt | ||
| 4Human Anatomy& Embryology department, Faculty of medicine, Zagazig university. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Abstract: Background: This study examines the potential of Alpha lipoic acid (ALA), a natural antioxidant, in safeguarding the cerebral cortex of adult male albino rats against the harmful impacts of diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: The research involved 56 adult male albino rats split up into seven groups, each comprising 8 rats: control negative (con-ve), control positive (con+ve), Alpha Lipoic acid (ALA), Diabetic (DM), Diabetic-Alpha Lipoic acid (DM+ALA), Diabetic-Insulin (DM+INS), and Diabetic-Insulin-ALA (DM+INS+ALA) or (DM+COMB.) group. After a 4-week period, various parameters including blood glucose levels, HbA1c, SOD, CAT, IL-1β, and MDA in tissue homogenate were assessed. Histopathological techniques like H & E and Cresyl Violet staining, along with immunohistochemical procedures using GFAP and synaptophysin antibodies, were carried out on cortical sections. Results: In the DM group, there was notable weight loss, significant increased blood glucose, HbA1c, MDA, IL-1β, significant decreased SOD and CAT levels compared to control group. Cortical disorganization, pia matter discontinuity, blood vessel congestion, neuropil vacuolation, and pyknosis were observed in H & E stained sections. Cresyl Violet staining showed karyolysis. GFAP expression rose significantly, while synaptophysin expression dropped markedly. These changes were less pronounced in the DM+ALA and DM+INS groups. DM+INS+ALA group showed minimal weight change, normalized blood glucose and HbA1c, significant reduced MDA and IL-1β, and significant increased SOD and CAT levels compared to DM. Cortical layers improved visibly in H & E sections. Cresyl Violet staining revealed distinct deeply stained Nissl granules. Immunohistochemistry indicated decreased GFAP and increased synaptophysin expressions compared to DM. Conclusion: While ALA or insulin alone demonstrated mild to moderate improvements in diabetic changes within the cerebral cortex, the combined ALA and insulin treatment displayed significant enhancement in mitigating these effects. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Albino rats; DM; GFAP; Synaptophsin; ALA | ||
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