A histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical study of STZ-induced diabetes mellitus' effects on adult male albino rats' cerebral cortex and alpha lipoic acid's protective role.

Abdelghany, Eman M. A.; Hamed, Amira; Negm, Fatma Elzahraa Fathy; Borai, Eman

doi:10.21608/ejh.2024.308837.2116

	A histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical study of STZ-induced diabetes mellitus' effects on adult male albino rats' cerebral cortex and alpha lipoic acid's protective role.
Egyptian Journal of Histology
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 20 September 2024
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/ejh.2024.308837.2116
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Authors
Eman M. A. Abdelghany¹; Amira Hamed ²; Fatma Elzahraa Fathy Negm ³; Eman Borai⁴
¹Department of human anatomy and embryology, Faculty of medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
²Anatomy department, Faculty of medicine, Zagazig university
³Demonstrator of Human Anatomy and Embryology Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University,Egypt
⁴Human Anatomy&amp; Embryology department, Faculty of medicine, Zagazig university.
Abstract
Abstract: Background: This study examines the potential of Alpha lipoic acid (ALA), a natural antioxidant, in safeguarding the cerebral cortex of adult male albino rats against the harmful impacts of diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: The research involved 56 adult male albino rats split up into seven groups, each comprising 8 rats: control negative (con-ve), control positive (con+ve), Alpha Lipoic acid (ALA), Diabetic (DM), Diabetic-Alpha Lipoic acid (DM+ALA), Diabetic-Insulin (DM+INS), and Diabetic-Insulin-ALA (DM+INS+ALA) or (DM+COMB.) group. After a 4-week period, various parameters including blood glucose levels, HbA1c, SOD, CAT, IL-1β, and MDA in tissue homogenate were assessed. Histopathological techniques like H & E and Cresyl Violet staining, along with immunohistochemical procedures using GFAP and synaptophysin antibodies, were carried out on cortical sections. Results: In the DM group, there was notable weight loss, significant increased blood glucose, HbA1c, MDA, IL-1β, significant decreased SOD and CAT levels compared to control group. Cortical disorganization, pia matter discontinuity, blood vessel congestion, neuropil vacuolation, and pyknosis were observed in H & E stained sections. Cresyl Violet staining showed karyolysis. GFAP expression rose significantly, while synaptophysin expression dropped markedly. These changes were less pronounced in the DM+ALA and DM+INS groups. DM+INS+ALA group showed minimal weight change, normalized blood glucose and HbA1c, significant reduced MDA and IL-1β, and significant increased SOD and CAT levels compared to DM. Cortical layers improved visibly in H & E sections. Cresyl Violet staining revealed distinct deeply stained Nissl granules. Immunohistochemistry indicated decreased GFAP and increased synaptophysin expressions compared to DM. Conclusion: While ALA or insulin alone demonstrated mild to moderate improvements in diabetic changes within the cerebral cortex, the combined ALA and insulin treatment displayed significant enhancement in mitigating these effects.
Keywords
Albino rats; DM; GFAP; Synaptophsin; ALA


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