Efflux pumps adeA and adeB genes in clinical multidrug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii strains in Mosul/Iraq | ||||
| Microbes and Infectious Diseases | ||||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 25 September 2024 | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/mid.2024.318528.2196 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
Huda Waleed Hadi  ; Essra Ghanim Hazim Al sammak
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| Biology Department, College of Science, Mosul University, Iraq | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Background: The Multidrug Resistant MDR Acinetobacter baumannii strains are a widespread health problem, especially in serious cases that need a final antibiotic choice. The efflux pump represents one of the most important resistance mechanisms in these bacteria; therefore its phenotypic (morphological, biochemical, and physiological) and molecular study is critical. Also, studying the biochemical tests and whether they can be relied upon to diagnose these bacteria is a question facing researchers. Moreover, virulence factors are important for confirming the diagnosis of these strains. Methods: In this study, the ability of efflux pump production was investigated for (15) A. baumannii strains which were isolated from different clinical samples and identified by recA gene. Results: It was shown phenotypically that (9) strains only from (15) were produced efflux pumps with a percentage of (60%) using the Ethidium Bromide (Et-Br) ethidium bromide agar Cartwheel method. Genetically, (13) strains 86.6% showed that they contained the adeB gene. As for the adeA gene, it appeared in only (9) strains at 60%. All of the strains are antibiotics multi-resistant MDR and most possess the beta-lactamase enzyme using iodometric and acidimetric methods. However, these strains show various virulence factors with clear variances in the biochemical test results. Conclusion: Linking the resistance mechanism of the efflux pump with the rest of the other characteristics, such as sensitivity tests, the presence of enzymes, virulence factors, and biochemical tests, is of great importance. In addition, the molecular diagnosis of bacteria with other genetic markers such as recA (that differ from 16S rRNA or blaoxa), is worth trying. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Acinetobacter baumannii; MDR; Efflux Pumps; ade genes | ||||
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