Quillaja saponaria Improved Growth Performance, Hemato-biochemical Profile and Protects Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Against Pb and Cd-Induced Oxidative and Inflammatory Tissues Damage | ||||
| Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences | ||||
| Article 11, Volume 56, Issue 9, September 2025, Page 2093-2112 PDF (1.54 MB) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejvs.2024.277041.1916 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
Samar Tawfik1; Malik Khalafalla2; Mohamed Zayed2; Salma Zeid3; Radi Mohamed   4
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| 1Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-sheikh Egypt | ||||
| 2Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-sheikh, Egypt | ||||
| 3Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt | ||||
| 4Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| This study aimed to estimate the diminishing effect of Quillaja saponaria (QS) on Nile tilapia exposed to heavy metals and its effect on growth performance, hemato-biochemical profile, oxidative response and tissue damage. Fish (N=90, average weight: 61.74 ± 4.72 g) were randomly distributed in triplicates at a rate of 6 fish per 60 L aquarium. Fish exposed to cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) mixture with 1.31 mg/L and 58.4 µg/L, respectively and received QS with 150, 300, 500 mg/kg fish feed. Pd and Cd significantly decreased growth performance and feed utilization. Metals deteriorated haemato-biochemical parameters by decreased Hb, HTC and RBCs, increasing WBCs, increasing the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin, urea, triglycerides, glucose and total lipids and decreasing total protein, globulin and HDL. Observed increase of MDA levels and decrease SOD, GSH and ChE% activities were recorded in metals- exposed fish. Challenge with metals revealed up-regular effect of liver CYP19 gene expression. QS enhanced fish growth performance while exposure to metals. QS restored the normal haemato-biochemical indices compared to the control. QS reduced the effect of metals on oxidative status enzymes (decreased MDA values and increased SOD, GSH and ChE%) activities. QS achieved the balance of cell proliferation and apoptosis of CYP19 and GPx gene expressions. In conclusion, QS has diminished effect against Cd and Pb negative impacts on fish. QS concentrations 150, 300 and 500 mg/kg fish feed enhanced growth performance, haemato-biochemical indices, hindered the oxidative stress and achieved cell balance of proliferation and apoptosis. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Cadmium; Quillaja saponaria, Oreochromis niloticus, heavy metals, oxidative status | ||||
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