Coronary Artery Spasm—Risk Factors and Pathophysiological Mechanisms
El-Sabbagh, F., Mesbah, N., Abo-El-Matty, D., Abdelaziz, T. (2024). Coronary Artery Spasm—Risk Factors and Pathophysiological Mechanisms. EKB Journal Management System, 8(1), 191-198. doi: 10.21608/rpbs.2024.327931.1332
Farah El-Sabbagh; Noha M. Mesbah; Dina M Abo-El-Matty; Tarek A. Abdelaziz. "Coronary Artery Spasm—Risk Factors and Pathophysiological Mechanisms". EKB Journal Management System, 8, 1, 2024, 191-198. doi: 10.21608/rpbs.2024.327931.1332
El-Sabbagh, F., Mesbah, N., Abo-El-Matty, D., Abdelaziz, T. (2024). 'Coronary Artery Spasm—Risk Factors and Pathophysiological Mechanisms', EKB Journal Management System, 8(1), pp. 191-198. doi: 10.21608/rpbs.2024.327931.1332
El-Sabbagh, F., Mesbah, N., Abo-El-Matty, D., Abdelaziz, T. Coronary Artery Spasm—Risk Factors and Pathophysiological Mechanisms. EKB Journal Management System, 2024; 8(1): 191-198. doi: 10.21608/rpbs.2024.327931.1332

Coronary Artery Spasm—Risk Factors and Pathophysiological Mechanisms

Records of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences
Volume 8, Issue 1, 2024, Page 191-198  XML PDF (859.6 K)
Document Type: Mini-reviews
DOI: 10.21608/rpbs.2024.327931.1332
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Authors
Farah El-Sabbagh email 1; Noha M. Mesbahorcid 2; Dina M Abo-El-Mattyorcid 3; Tarek A. Abdelaziz4
1department of Biochemistry, faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University (Kantra campus), El-Arish, Egypt
2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
3Faculty of Pharmacy - Suez Canal University
4Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
Abstract
Coronary artery spasm (CAS) is a common complication associated with transradial access (TRA) for coronary interventions, particularly affecting elderly patients. Coronary artery spasm (CAS), an intense vasoconstriction of coronary arteries that causes total or subtotal vessel occlusion, plays an important role in myocardial ischemic syndromes including stable and unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. Coronary angiography and provocative testing usually are required to establish a definitive diagnosis. While the mechanisms underlying the development of CAS are still poorly understood, risk factors include sex, age, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes. Physical and/or mental stress, alcohol consumption and administration of pharmacological agents are precipitation factors. Moreover, polymorphisms in genes encoding for ALDH2, endothelial NO synthase, paraoxonase 1, NADH/NADPH oxidase, and interleukin-6 are linked with occurrence of CAS. Accordingly, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and low-grade chronic inflammation play an important role in the pathogenesis of CAS, leading to increased coronary smooth muscle Ca2+ sensitivity through RhoA/ROCK activation and hypercontraction.
Keywords
Coronary artery spasm; pathophysiology; paraoxanase; nitric oxide
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