Serum vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms (FokI and TaqI) as predictors of COVID19 severity. ( Prospective study in a cohort of Egyptian COVID-19 patients)

Eldeeb, Mona Kamal; Daabis, Rasha Galal; Mohamed, Abeer Ahmed; Badran, Eman Mahrous; Magour, Gehan Mahmoud

doi:10.21608/mid.2024.329022.2294

	Serum vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms (FokI and TaqI) as predictors of COVID19 severity. ( Prospective study in a cohort of Egyptian COVID-19 patients)
Microbes and Infectious Diseases
Article 5, Volume 6, Issue 2, May 2025, Page 455-474 PDF (941.2 K)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/mid.2024.329022.2294
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Authors
Mona Kamal Eldeeb ¹^{, 2}; Rasha Galal Daabis³; Abeer Ahmed Mohamed¹; Eman Mahrous Badran¹; Gehan Mahmoud Magour¹
¹Chemical Pathology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
²Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department,, Collage of Applied Medical Sciences Al Jouf University, Saudi Arabia
³Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine , Alexandria University, Egypt
Abstract
Background: Severe forms of respiratory failure affect 20% of COVID‐19 patients with a death rate of about 65%. Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor polymorphisms, mainly Taql (rs731236) and Fokl (rs10735810), were associated with respiratory tract infections. Methods: A prospective study on 90 confirmed PCR-positive COVID-19 patients was done. Results: Statistically significant lower levels of 25OH vitamin D were found in severe to critical COVID-19 and non-survivors than in mild to moderate patients and survivors (p < 0.001) and with negative correlations with C-reactive protein, ferritin, procalcitonin, interleukin 6, D-dimer, INR, white blood cells, neutrophils count, and neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio. Serum 25(OH) D was positively correlated with oxygen saturation level, hemoglobin, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts. Mild to moderate and severe to critical patients showed significant differences in both FokI SNP (p = 0.002) and TaqI genotypes (p = 0.010). FokI recessive mode might be associated with increased severity, while TaqI dominant mode of inheritance and the mutant allele (t) might protect against severe forms of COVID-19. Conclusion: 25 OH D and FokI recessive mode of inheritance may be associated with severe forms of COVID-19; however, TaqI dominant mode of inheritance and the mutant allele (t) might protect against COVID-19 severity. It is recommended to apply similar research on different populations together with studying other VDR polymorphisms in addition to clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation in order to generalize these findings.
Keywords
COVID-19; FokI; TaqI; Vitamin D deficiency; Vitamin D receptors


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