Protective Potentials of Spirulina Platensis Against Benzo[a] Pyrene-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Adult Albino Rats. | ||
| Egyptian Society of Clinical Toxicology Journal | ||
| Volume 12, Issue 2, December 2024, Pages 94-110 PDF (1.34 M) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/esctj.2024.322324.1071 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Nahla M Ibrahim* 1; Dalia Abdou2; Heba Mohamed Abdel-aziz3; Waleed Ahmed Badawy Abd El Wahab4; Noura Qenawy5; Hend Sameh6; Mai M. Eldaly7; Samar Samy Sakr8 | ||
| 1Lecturer of Forensic medicine and Toxicology Zagazig University | ||
| 2Lecturer of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt. | ||
| 3Assistant professor of histology and cell biology | ||
| 4lecturer of Anatomy and embryology Faculty of medicine, Misr university for science and technology | ||
| 5Lecturer of Anatomy and embryology Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University | ||
| 6lecturer of Medical Biochemistry Zagazig university | ||
| 7Lecturer of medical biochemistry Zagazig University | ||
| 8Assistant professor at Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Zagazig University, faculty of Medicine | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Background: Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]p) is regarded as a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that results due to partial combustion of organic materials. B[a]p has variable probable toxic health effects on humans and that makes it an issue of concern to the public health. Spirulina Platensis is a type of cyanobacteria that is multicellular and filamentous, and it has gained considerable popularity in the field of medicine. Aim of the work: was to assess the potential protection by Spirulina against toxic effects of B[a]p in rats' heart tissues. Material and Methods: Fifty adult male albino rats have been categorized into 5 equal groups; Negative control, Positive control (10 mL/kg corn oil), Spirulina Platensis (300 mg/kg), Benzo[a]pyrene (50 mg/kg), and Benzo[a]pyrene + Spirulina Platensis groups. All treatments were given twice per week. After four weeks, rats had been sacrificed, NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX-2), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), along with cytokines of inflammation; tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured in the heart. Determination of cardiac Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was also done. The left ventricular cardiac tissues were stained by both hematoxylin and eosin and Mallory trichrome stains, and the immunohistochemical expression of Connexin 43 (Cx43) was evaluated. Results: B[a]p-treated rats showed an elevation of oxidative and inflammatory markers, and increased expression of cardiac TLR4. Co-administration of Spirulina with B[a]p mitigated all the measured parameters. Histopathology and immunohistochemical staining showed that the B[a]p developed histological damage and immunohistochemical changes in the left ventricular tissues and these changes were alleviated by Spirulina co-administration. Conclusion: Administration of Spirulina produced positive impact on oxidative and inflammatory markers of the heart, along with ameliorating the histopathological and immunohistochemical findings induced by B[a]p. Recommendations: Spirulina Platensis is a suggested agent for protection against cardiotoxic effects of B[a]p. More studies are required to investigate cardio-protective potential as well as safe and effective doses in humans. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Spirulina; Benzo[a]pyrene; cardiac toxicity; rats | ||
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