Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a Non-Invasive Tool for Cancer Prognostication and Monitoring. | ||||
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry | ||||
Volume 67, Issue 13, December 2024, Page 1575-1583 PDF (406.72 K) | ||||
Document Type: Review Articles | ||||
DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2024.338408.10853 | ||||
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Authors | ||||
Ahmad Mohammed Makki ![]() | ||||
1Ksa, Ministry of Health, Riyadh Forensic Services CenterMedicine | ||||
2Ksa, Ministry of Health, DIRIYAH HOSPITAL | ||||
3Ksa, Ministry of Health, mohayel Genenral hospital | ||||
4Ksa, Ministry of Health, Al Quwayiyah Hospital | ||||
5Ksa, Ministry of Health, Dawadmi Hospital | ||||
6Ksa, Ministry of Health, Sharg almohamadih center care | ||||
7Ksa, Ministry of Health, Jizan Specialist Hospital | ||||
8Ksa, Ministry of Health, PHC ALBALDIYA Hafar AlBatin | ||||
9Ksa, Ministry of Health, Bahra PHC | ||||
10Ksa, Ministry of Health, CENTRAL BLOOD BANK JIZAN | ||||
11Ksa, Ministry of Health, Ras tanura general hospital | ||||
12Ksa, Ministry of Health, Ras tanoura general hospital | ||||
13Ksa, Ministry of Health, Prince Mohammed bin Fahd hospital | ||||
14Ksa, Ministry of Health, Safwa General Hospital | ||||
Abstract | ||||
Background: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), a subset of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), holds promise as a non-invasive biomarker for cancer prognostication and monitoring. Despite advances in cancer screening, early detection remains a challenge. Aim: This study systematically evaluates ctDNA’s utility in early cancer detection, its integration into current diagnostic practices, and its potential to replace traditional invasive techniques. Methods: A systematic review of 166 articles resulted in 12 high-quality studies meeting inclusion criteria, comprising case-control studies, cross-sectional research, and reviews. These studies were analyzed for ctDNA’s sensitivity, specificity, and prognostic applications in diverse cancer types. Results: ctDNA exhibits sensitivity ranging from 69% to 98% and specificity exceeding 99%. Methods like TEC-Seq and CancerSEEK demonstrated significant promise, detecting cancer at early stages and localizing tumor origins with high accuracy. Positive ctDNA detection correlated with poorer overall survival and progression-free survival, underscoring its prognostic relevance. However, its sensitivity in detecting tumors smaller than 1 cm remains limited. Factors such as sample handling, individual variability, and tumor-specific genetic profiles influence ctDNA’s diagnostic efficacy. Conclusion: ctDNA offers a transformative approach to cancer management by enabling real-time tumor monitoring and early detection through non-invasive means. Although promising, challenges in sensitivity, standardization, and clinical adoption must be addressed to realize its full potential as a routine diagnostic tool. | ||||
Keywords | ||||
circulating tumor DNA; non-invasive biomarker; cancer detection; TEC-Seq; CancerSEEK; tumor prognosis | ||||
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