THE ASTRAL ENTITIES Ixmw sk AND Ixmw wrD IN THE PYRAMID AND COFFIN TEXTS FROM A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE | ||||
| International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Heritage Research | ||||
| Volume 7, Issue 2, December 2024, Page 25-52 PDF (1.21 MB) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/ijmshr.2024.311056.1031 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Author | ||||
Yomna Khaled 
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| PhD researcher in the Department of Egyptology - Faculty of Archaeology - Fayoum University and an Assistant Lecturer in the Faculty of Faculty of Archaeology and Tourism Guidance- Misr University for Science and Technology - Egypt. | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| The two linguistic structures Ixmw sk and Ixmw wrD were mentioned during the Old Kingdom in the Pyramid Texts in common written forms, and they were also associated with determinatives indicating a semantic concept that links them to resurrection, emergence, manifestation, immortality, and also to non-degeneration, fatigue, and exhaustion on the one hand, and to the world of the sky and the paths of the cosmic bodies and spheres on the other hand. The two linguistic structures Ixmw sk and Ixmw wrD were also mentioned during the Middle Kingdom in the Coffin Texts in written forms and a semantic meaning specific to that period. The sources of the Old Kingdom "Pyramid Texts" were characterized by features that revealed the system of construction and structures of the ancient Egyptian language in terms of the sentence, spelling, vocabulary, and coordination between signs in a single word. At this stage, there is a relatively few determinative, in addition to the omission of the attached pronoun in some cases, as well as the lack of coordination between the signs, and also the weakness of the methods used from a rhetorical perspective. In light of the comparative study, it is noted that the sources of the Middle Kingdom"Coffin Texts" were characterized by the stability of the language structure in terms of rules, rhetorical styles, spelling, and stability of forms, especially verbal ones, and the increase in the number of determinatives, then the emergence of many vocabulary items indicating linguistic richness. The texts expressing this linguistic period spread in archaeological evidence, literary texts, and a group of texts related to genealogies and autobiographies, rhetorical formulas, and religious texts, as is the case in the coffin texts, and the texts of votive and funerary Stelae such as the so-called eternal Stelae. This research paper seeks to conduct an analytical study of the concept and significance of the stellar entities Ixmw-sk and Ixmw-wrD in the sources of the Old and Middle Kingdoms from a comparative perspective to unveil the content and semantic significance of both the Pyramid and Coffin Texts. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Astral Entities; Ixmw sk; Ixmw wrD; Pyramid Text; Coffin Text | ||||
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