Hesperidin Alleviates Malathion-Induced nephrotoxicity in Rats: Impact on Oxidative Damage, Inflammation, Pyroptosis and Apoptosis. | ||||
| Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences | ||||
| Volume 45, Issue 1, January 2025, Page 95-108 PDF (620.34 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Review Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/besps.2024.333609.1187 | ||||
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| Author | ||||
Abdullah A. Saati 
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| Department of Community Medicine and Pilgrims Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Malathion is widely used organophosphorus insecticides available in various forms. However. it has sever side effect on the body’s antioxidant systems. Hesperidin, a famous flavonoid, has a beneficial effect such as antioxidant, ant-inflammatory proprieties, which can inhibit the harmful effects. The aim of this work is to investigate the nephroprotective effect of hesperidin against malathion-induced nephrotoxicity. Four groups of rats, six per each: Control group (Group I), Hesperidin group (Group II), Malathion group (Group III), and Malathion+Hesperidin group (Group IV). Blood samples were taken to assess renal function by measuring serum level of creatinine and kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1). Renal homogenates were used to measure oxidative stress markers (malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH)), inflammatory markers, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), apoptotic markers (caspase-2, B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), (Bcl-2) associated protein x Bax), and pyroptotic markers (NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome (NLRP3), caspase-1). Renal tissues were fixed in formalin for histopathological examination. Hesperidin significantly decreased serum creatinine and Kim-1, restoring renal function affected by malathion administration. Also, hesperidin combats malathion-induced renal oxidative stress by reducing MDA, and increasing SOD, CAT, GSH levels. Hesperidin also, antagonizes malathion-induced renal inflammation by decreasing levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β. Moreover, it decreases malathion-induced apoptosis and pyroptosis by its reducing protein levels of caspase-3, Bax, NLRP3, caspase-1, while enhancing Bcl-2 levels. Hesperidin and malathion co-treatment improved the renal pathological alternation. Hesperidin offer a promising nephroprotective effect against malathion-induced nephrotoxicity through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and anti-pyroptotic capabilities. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Renal injury; oxidative insult; nephroinflammation; tubular apoptosis | ||||
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