Agarose hydroxyapatite composite hydrogel for enamel surface biomimetic remineralization (an in-vitro study)
El Manhaly, A., El Demerdash, A., Sadik, W., Kandil, S., Hanafy, S., Mostafa, D. (2025). Agarose hydroxyapatite composite hydrogel for enamel surface biomimetic remineralization (an in-vitro study). EKB Journal Management System, 71(1), 631-643. doi: 10.21608/edj.2024.332056.3250
Abeer Mahmoud El Manhaly; Abdel Ghaffar Magraby El Demerdash; Wagih Abdel Alim Sadik; Sherif Hussein Kandil; Seham Ahmed Hanafy; Dawlat Mostafa. "Agarose hydroxyapatite composite hydrogel for enamel surface biomimetic remineralization (an in-vitro study)". EKB Journal Management System, 71, 1, 2025, 631-643. doi: 10.21608/edj.2024.332056.3250
El Manhaly, A., El Demerdash, A., Sadik, W., Kandil, S., Hanafy, S., Mostafa, D. (2025). 'Agarose hydroxyapatite composite hydrogel for enamel surface biomimetic remineralization (an in-vitro study)', EKB Journal Management System, 71(1), pp. 631-643. doi: 10.21608/edj.2024.332056.3250
El Manhaly, A., El Demerdash, A., Sadik, W., Kandil, S., Hanafy, S., Mostafa, D. Agarose hydroxyapatite composite hydrogel for enamel surface biomimetic remineralization (an in-vitro study). EKB Journal Management System, 2025; 71(1): 631-643. doi: 10.21608/edj.2024.332056.3250

Agarose hydroxyapatite composite hydrogel for enamel surface biomimetic remineralization (an in-vitro study)

Egyptian Dental Journal
Volume 71, Issue 1 - Serial Number 4, January 2025, Page 631-643  XML PDF (1.6 MB)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/edj.2024.332056.3250
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Authors
Abeer Mahmoud El Manhalyorcid 1; Abdel Ghaffar Magraby El Demerdashorcid 1; Wagih Abdel Alim Sadikorcid 1; Sherif Hussein Kandilorcid 1; Seham Ahmed Hanafyorcid 2; Dawlat Mostafa email orcid 3
1Department of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University. Alexandria, Egypt
2Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
3Dental Biomaterials Department, College of Dentistry, The Arab Academy for Science and Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), El-Alamein, Egypt.
Abstract
ABSTRACT
This study focused on developing a biomimetic agarose-hydroxyapatite (AG/HA) composite hydrogel and its evaluation for enamel repair efficacy. Sixty-four human molar slices were allocated into four groups: Control, Etched, AG hydrogel-treated, and AG/HA composite hydrogel-treated (n=8), with assessments at different intervals (4, 7, and 21 days). Enamel demineralization was induced using 37% phosphoric acid, followed by application of AG and AG/HA hydrogels. The remineralization outcomes were evaluated using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Vickers microhardness testing, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. The findings revealed that the AG/HA significantly enhanced the calcium-to-phosphate (Ca/P) ratio and restored enamel hardness and crystal microstructure to levels comparable to control group, unlike the AG, which exhibited limited reparative effects. As a conclusion, AG/HA biomimetic hydrogels are effective in achieving rapid and sustained remineralization of enamel, closely replicating natural enamel structure.
Keywords
Keywords: Agarose hydrogels; Biomimetic enamel remineralization; Enamel demineralization; Hydroxyapatite
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