Impact of Extraction Technique on the Volatile Oil Contents and Composition of four Ocimum Species; Microwave Assisted Extraction versus Distillation Study | ||
| Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Research | ||
| Article 6, Volume 3, Issue 3, July 2019, Pages 134-142 PDF (573.69 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/aprh.2019.40279 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Dina El-Kersh1; Manar Eissa2; Dalia Rasheed* 3 | ||
| 1Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), 11837, Egypt | ||
| 2International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Malaysia | ||
| 3Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Central Axis, Part 1/1, Sixth of October, Egypt | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Objectives: The aim of this study is to unravel the variabilities posed by alteration of the extraction technique employed on the contents and composition of essential oils derived from the same plant species Methods: Volatile oils of four different Ocimum species (Ocimum basilicum L., O. africanum Lour., O. americanum L. and O. minimum L. family Lamiaceae) were individually extracted from their fresh aerial parts using green microwave assisted extraction (MAE) method and conventional hydrodistillation (HD) and steam distillation (SD) methods. Extracted volatile oil samples were further analysed by GC-MS. Results: Qualitatively, distillation of the Ocimum samples resulted in higher yields of volatile oil than MAE (0.16-0.42%, 0.16-0.44% and 0.1-0.25% ml/g fresh weight for HD, SD and MAE, respectively). However, MAE technique was accomplished in a fraction of time (8 minutes) compared to distillation procedures (2 - 4 hours). GC-MS analysis of the Ocimum oils extracted using MAE method revealed higher enrichment of marker ingredients, viz. β-linalool and eucalyptol, over the distillation methods. Relative percentage of β-linalool in oil of O. basilicum and O. africanum was 76.9 & 72.2% versus 31.2 & 42.9% and 24.7 & 57.2%, whereas that of eucalyptol was 11.1 & 9.4% versus 6.2 & 4.5% and 4.8 & 4.2%, by MAE, SD and HD, respectively. Estragole, a natural volatile having safety concerns, was detected with appreciable amounts in the oil samples obtained by distillation. MAE extraction resulted in less than third the estragole content in oil of O.basilicum when compared to (HD) and (SD) methods (10.2%, 36.7% and 33.2%, respectively).Conclusions: MAE provides a rapid, power saving and green technique for extraction and preserving the valuable constituents of Ocimum essential oils. (MAE) produced an exceptionally β-linalool and eucalyptol enriched oil of sweet basil, much suitable for commercial and medicinal uses. Estragole contents were much reduced in (MAE) prepared oil samples comparable to distillation methods, a fact that prioritize selecting this technique for preparing Ocimum oils intended for systemic and/or pediatric applications. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| estragole; GC-MS; Microwave assisted extraction; Ocimum, Volatile oil | ||
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