Evaluation of the effectiveness of using nano-additions to modify the archaeological pottery's completion mixtures properties | ||||
| Egyptian Journal of Chemistry | ||||
| Volume 68, Issue 8, August 2025, Page 513-525 PDF (1.92 MB) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.336624.10809 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Authors | ||||
Sara Nabil   1; Wael Sabry Mohamed2; Mohamed Moustafa Ibrahim3
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| 1Department of Inorganic Conservation, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University | ||||
| 2Department of Polymer and pigment, Chemical Industry Division, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt | ||||
| 3Inorganic conservation department, faculty of archaeology, cairo university, cairo, egypt | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Most archaeological pottery objects extracted from the soil are exposed to crushing and breaking during soil burial due to the pressure of the soil's backfill, which leads to the loss of one or more parts of them. Therefore, the intervention is executed after extracting them from the excavation and restoration, completing the missing parts to support them first, and then for their aesthetic appearance. Therefore, completion mixtures of missing parts have received the attention of many researchers. Traditional mixtures, which have been commonly used for this purpose, often exhibit a negative effect in the long term, such as discoloration or deterioration. Thus, in this study, four mixtures were prepared, mainly consisting of dental plaster, pottery powder, and Sika-Bond-LA polymer. Nano-kaolinite, nano-silica, and nano-titanium-dioxide were added to these mixtures to improve them. These mixtures were exposed to Ultraviolet (UV) and salt aging. Then, different techniques, such as digital and scanning electron microscopy, were used to evaluate the effectiveness of adding nanomaterials to these mixtures before and after exposure to artificial aging. Consequently, physical properties tests, compressive strength, water-contact angle, and color change were applied to these mixtures. The findings indicated that none of the nano-additives produced a significant visible change to the naked eye following UV aging. In contrast, the mixture without nano-additive exhibited a noticeable transformation, with its surface darker. Furthermore, the findings showed that adding nano-titanium-dioxide particles to completion mixtures significantly improved them. It increased their density, lower porosity, lower water absorption, and increased resistance against UV and salt aging. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Archaeological-pottery; Completion; Sika-bond-LA-polymer; Nano-titanium-dioxide; Nano-silica; Nano-kaolinite; color-alteration | ||||
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