معيار السبب المرجح وتطبيقاته في القانون الجنائي الأمريكي (دراسة مقارنة مع النظام السعودي) / The Probable Cause Standard and Its Applications in American Criminal Law (A Comparative Study with Saudi Law)

أ) الدوريات والمقالات:

- Cambridge Dictionary, Probable Cause, (Last Access October 20, 2024), available at:

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/probable-cause

 - Probable Cause, Cornell Law School, (Last Access October 20, 2024), available at:

https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/probable_cause

 - Merriam-Webster, Probable Cause, (Last Access October 20, 2024), available at:

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/probable%20cause

 - The Law Dictionary, Probable Cause Definition & Legal Meaning, (Last Access October 20, 2024), available at:

https://thelawdictionary.org/probable-cause/

- Joseph G. Cook, Probable Cause To Arrest, 24 Vanderbilt Law Review 317 (1971).

- The Law Dictionary, Definitions of Probable Cause Vs. Reasonable Suspicion, (Last Access October 20, 2024), available at:

https://thelawdictionary.org/article/definitions-of-probable-cause-vs-reasonable-suspicion/

- Charles Doyle, CSR Memorandum to the United Senate Select Committee on Intelligence entitled "Probable Cause, Reasonable Suspicion, and Reasonableness Standards in the Context of the Fourth Amendment and the Foreign Intelligence Act", (January 30, 2006), P. 1, (Last Access October 20, 2024), available at:

https://sgp.fas.org/crs/intel/m013006.pdf

 - Kit Kinports, Probable Cause and Reasonable Suspicion: Totality Tests or Rigid Rules?, 163 U. PA. L. REV. ONLINE 75 (2014).

 - Erica R. Goldberg, Getting Beyond Intuition in the Probable Cause Inquiry, 17 Lewis & Clark L.Rev. 789 (2013).

- Andrew E. Taslitz, What is Probable Cause and Why We Should Care? The Costs, Benefits, and Meeting of Individualized Suspicion, Law and contemporary Problems, Vol. 73:145, 2010.

 - Martin R. Gardner, Searches and Seizures of Automobiles and Their Contents: Fourth Amendment Considerations in a Post-Ross World, 62 Neb. L. Rev. (1983).

- Arrest Warrant, Cornell Law School, (Last Access October 20, 2024), available at:

https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/arrest_warrant

- Search Warrant, Cornell Law School, (Last Access October 20, 2024), available at:

https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/search_warrant

- Samuel Strom, legally reviewed by Rhonda Earhart, Probable Cause, Find Law, (Last Access October 20, 2024) available at: https://www.findlaw.com/criminal/criminal-rights/probable-cause.html

 - Model Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 3.8, American Bar Association, (Last Access October 20, 2024), available at:

https://www.americanbar.org/groups/professional_responsibility/publications/model_rules_of_professional_conduct/rule_3_8_special_responsibilities_of_a_prosecutor/ - Sarah Williams, legally reviewed by Melissa Bender, How Does a Grand Jury Work?, Find Law, (Last Access October 20, 2024), available at:

https://www.findlaw.com/criminal/criminal-procedure/how-does-a-grand-jury-work.html

ج) السوابق القضائية الأمريكية:

- Beck v. Ohio, 379 U.S. 89 (1964).

- Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213 (1983).

- Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961).

- Maryland v. Garrison, 480 U.S. 79 (1987).

- Ornelas v. United States, 517 U.S. 690, 696 (1996)

- Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968).

- U.S. v. Clark, 638 F.3d 89 (2d Cir. 2011).

- U.S. v. White, 356 F.3d 865 (8th Cir. 2004)

- United States v. McConney, 728 F.2d 1195 (9th Cir. 1984).

- Whiteley v. Warden, 401 U.S. 560 (1971).

District of Columbia v. Wesby, 583 U.S. (2018).-

 Franks v. Delaware, 438 U.S. 154 (1978).-

 Groh v. Ramirez, 540 U.S. 551 (2004).-

Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213, 238 (1983). -

 U.S. v. Schaefer, 87 F.3d 562 (1st Cir. 1996).-

 United States v. Mick, 263 F.3d 553 (6th Cir. 2001).-

 Winkle v. Kropp 279 F. Supp. 532 (E.D. Mich. 1968).-

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• al'anzima wallawayih alsueudia:
• alnizam al'asasii lilhukm alsaadir bial'amr almalakii raqm ('a/90) bitarikh 27/8/1412hi.
• nizam almurafaeat alshareiat alsaadir bialmarsum almalakii raqm (m/1) bitarikh 22/1/ 1435hi.
• nizam al'iijra'at aljazayiyat alsaadir bialmarsum almalakii raqm (m/2) bitarikh 22/1/ 1435hi.
• allaayihat altanfidhiat linizam al'iijra'at aljazayiyat alsaadirat biqarar majlis alwuzara' raqm (142) watarikh 21/3/1436h.
• layihat 'usul alaistiqaf walqabd walhajz almuaqat waltawqif alaihtiatii alsaadirat biqarar sumui wazir aldaakhiliat raqm (233) watarikh 17/1/1404h.