Effect of the Stimulative Solutions on Pollen Grain Germination, Fruit set, Anatomical development of Flower, Yield and Fruit Quality in Hayany, Orabi and Zaghlol Date Palm Cultivars .

Eldengawy, Elrefaey; Eliwa, G.; Gawish, Mohamed Saad; Attia, A.

doi:10.21608/djas.2024.406065

	Effect of the Stimulative Solutions on Pollen Grain Germination, Fruit set, Anatomical development of Flower, Yield and Fruit Quality in Hayany, Orabi and Zaghlol Date Palm Cultivars .
Damietta Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2024, Page 77-94 PDF (1.82 MB)
Document Type: Original research papers
DOI: 10.21608/djas.2024.406065
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Authors
Elrefaey Eldengawy¹; G. Eliwa²; Mohamed Saad Gawish ¹; A. Attia ³
¹Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University
²Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34511, Egypt
³Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Brewbaker and Kwack’s (BK) and Murashige and Skoog (MS) stimulating solutions followed by dusting pollination technique of mixed pollen grains on improving the germination ability of Date palm pollen and elongation of pollen tube through the flower styles on female date palm trees (Phoenix dactylifera L.) of Hayany, Orabi and Zaghlol cultivars. Fruit set, fruit drop, yield/ palm, physical and chemical characteristics of fruits were estimated. The results revealed that the studied traits were influenced by spraying these two stimulating solutions. The highest germination percentage was obtained by applying BK stimulating solution (92.1 %) with 24 hr. incubation period. The longitudinal and transversal anatomical sections of the flowers 72 hr. after pollination showed evolution of one carpel after fertilization and noticed enlargement in size with condensation of tannin cells around embryo sac. Applying of BK stimulating solution with Orabi date palm cultivar was significantly increased fruit set percentage over the other treatments and also recorded the lowest percentage of fruit drop and achieved the highest yield. The highest values of fruit weight, length, size and diameter were coupled with spraying BK solution on the Zaghlol cultivar Spathes. Also, the highest percentage of total sugars was in the Zaghlol and Hayany cultivars when using the spraying treatment with the BK stimulating solution. The same treatment also achieved the highest value in the TSS percentage in the Zaghlol and Orabi cultivars. Moreover, spraying either BK or MS solutions exhibited the significant increases in the anthocyanin content compared to the control with all cultivars. On the other hand, the control treatment recorded the highest average of tannins content of Orabi cultivar fruit. Generally, the application of BK and MS on Date Palm spathes enhanced the fruit set, fruit quality, shortening the germination and elongation time of pollen grain tubes led to maximizing palm yield and overcoming the unfavorable environmental conditions during pollination and fruit set periods.
Keywords
Date palm; Hayany; Zaghlol and Orabi; BK and MS stimulating solution; pollination; pollen germination; floral anatomy; fruit set and drop; yield; fruit quality


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