Bile Tract Emergencies: An Updated Data for Emergency Healthcare Professionals, Nursing, and Clinical Pathologists | ||||
| Egyptian Journal of Chemistry | ||||
| Volume 68, Issue 2, February 2025, Page 145-164 PDF (345.73 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Review Articles | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.344788.10993 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Authors | ||||
Nasser Owaid Alanazi  1; Fayez Suliman Alharbi2; Mohammed Monawer H. Almotairi2; Muneer Shudayyid Muneer Almutairi2; Nawaf Hamad Nazal Alotaibi3; Othman Mohammed Z Alshehri4; Maryam Awwad Haldhafeerl5; Nada Ali Alkhaibari1; Khalaf Naif Alwahbi5; Naif Lafi Salem Alharbi5; Fahad Mohammed Almutairi5; Muteb Alhumaidy Alshammari5; Waleed Snaid Alharbi5; Megdad Hassan Ali Nahari6; Ali Yahya Shrahili7
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| 1Armed Forces Hospital in Al Kharj, Ministry of Defense, Saudi Arabia | ||||
| 2Qassim armed forces hospital, Ministry of Defense, Saudi Arabia | ||||
| 3Prince Sultan Air Base, Al-Kharj, Ministry of Defense, Saudi Arabia | ||||
| 4Armed Forces Medical Services, Ministry of Defense, Saudi Arabia | ||||
| 5Northern Area Armed forces Hospital, Ministry of Defense, Saudi Arabia | ||||
| 6Armed forces hospital southern region, Ministry of Defense, Saudi Arabia | ||||
| 7Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Ministry of Defense, Saudi Arabia | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Background: Gallbladder disease, including acute cholecystitis (AC) and biliary colic, is a common condition that primarily affects women, especially during pregnancy. It is influenced by various factors, including hormonal changes, multiparity, and obesity, which contribute to gallstone formation and complications. The prevalence of gallstones varies across regions and populations, with higher rates observed among certain ethnic groups and during pregnancy. Aim: The aim of this study is to provide an updated overview of gallbladder-related emergencies, including the epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, and clinical management, particularly focusing on emergency healthcare professionals, nurses, and clinical pathologists. Methods: A review of current literature and clinical data was conducted to analyze the incidence, risk factors, pathogenesis, and clinical presentation of gallbladder disease, with a particular emphasis on pregnant women. The role of hormones such as estrogen and progesterone in gallstone formation and the effects of insulin resistance were also explored. Results: Gallstones are more common in women, particularly during pregnancy, with incidence rates increasing with multiparity and obesity. Hormonal changes, especially elevated estrogen levels, contribute to gallstone formation, while insulin resistance further exacerbates the risk. The study also found that gallbladder disease in pregnancy may remain asymptomatic but can progress to acute cholecystitis, pancreatitis, or cholangitis, often requiring surgical intervention. Conclusion: Gallbladder disease remains a significant health issue, particularly in pregnant women, and requires prompt diagnosis and management. Emergency healthcare professionals, including nurses and clinical pathologists, should be aware of the risk factors and clinical manifestations to provide effective care and reduce complications. Preventive measures, including lifestyle changes and careful monitoring in high-risk populations, are essential for managing this condition | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Gallstones; Acute Cholecystitis; Biliary Colic; Pregnancy; Hormonal Changes | ||||
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