Co-Inheritance of Aminoglycoside Acetyltransferases and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases among Gram-Negative Clinical Isolates in Khartoum, Sudan (2023)
A.ayoub, S., Alsheikh, T., Nafi Hammad, M., Modawe, G. (2025). Co-Inheritance of Aminoglycoside Acetyltransferases and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases among Gram-Negative Clinical Isolates in Khartoum, Sudan (2023). EKB Journal Management System, 31(3), 1311-1317. doi: 10.21608/zumj.2025.344537.3739
Saif Eldowla A.ayoub; Tarig Alsheikh; Mohammed Nafi Hammad; Gad Allah Modawe. "Co-Inheritance of Aminoglycoside Acetyltransferases and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases among Gram-Negative Clinical Isolates in Khartoum, Sudan (2023)". EKB Journal Management System, 31, 3, 2025, 1311-1317. doi: 10.21608/zumj.2025.344537.3739
A.ayoub, S., Alsheikh, T., Nafi Hammad, M., Modawe, G. (2025). 'Co-Inheritance of Aminoglycoside Acetyltransferases and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases among Gram-Negative Clinical Isolates in Khartoum, Sudan (2023)', EKB Journal Management System, 31(3), pp. 1311-1317. doi: 10.21608/zumj.2025.344537.3739
A.ayoub, S., Alsheikh, T., Nafi Hammad, M., Modawe, G. Co-Inheritance of Aminoglycoside Acetyltransferases and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases among Gram-Negative Clinical Isolates in Khartoum, Sudan (2023). EKB Journal Management System, 2025; 31(3): 1311-1317. doi: 10.21608/zumj.2025.344537.3739

Co-Inheritance of Aminoglycoside Acetyltransferases and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases among Gram-Negative Clinical Isolates in Khartoum, Sudan (2023)

Zagazig University Medical Journal
Article 32, Volume 31, Issue 3, March 2025, Page 1311-1317  XML PDF (1.13 MB)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/zumj.2025.344537.3739
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Authors
Saif Eldowla A.ayoub email 1; Tarig Alsheikh2; Mohammed Nafi Hammad3; Gad Allah Modawe4
1Medical Microbiology Department Al-Neelain University, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Khartoum, Sudan Al-Fajr College for Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
2Al-Neelain Stem Cell Center, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
3Medical Microbiology Department, Al-Neelain University, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Khartoum, Sudan
4Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan.
Abstract
Abstract

Background: The global spread of β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative rods (GNRs) poses a significant threat to the treatment of bacterial infections, as these pathogens are resistant to most β-lactam antibiotics. Aminoglycosides have emerged as an alternative treatment option. This study aimed to detect aminoglycoside acetyltransferase genes AAC (3)-II and AAC (6')-Ib among extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing GNRs isolated from clinical specimens in Sudan.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 143 Gram-negative clinical isolates collected from hospitals in Khartoum State between August and September 2022. The isolates were screened for ESBL production using the double-disc synergy test. DNA was extracted using a modified boiling protocol, and multiplex PCR was performed to detect the AAC (3)-II and AAC (6')-Ib genes.

Results: Among the 143 isolates, 100 were confirmed as ESBL-producing GNRs. The predominant ESBL-producing organisms included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp., and Salmonella spp. The AAC (6')-Ib gene was detected in 23% (23/100) of the isolates, whereas the AAC (3)-II gene was not detected in any isolates (0/100).

Conclusion: A high prevalence of the AAC (6')-Ib gene was observed among ESBL-producing Gram-negative isolates in Sudan, indicating an increased resistance pattern that requires urgent attention to mitigate its clinical and public health impact.
Keywords
Antimicrobial resistance; Aminoglycosides; ESBL; Gram-negative rods; Sudan
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