Neonatal sepsis: Gram-negative bacterial profile, antimicrobial resistance pattern, risk factors and preventive measures
Devi, K., Rani, A., Khunger, S., Kumar, S. (2025). Neonatal sepsis: Gram-negative bacterial profile, antimicrobial resistance pattern, risk factors and preventive measures. EKB Journal Management System, (), -. doi: 10.21608/mid.2025.343671.2387
Kanika Devi; Anju Rani; Sandhya Khunger; Sunil Kumar. "Neonatal sepsis: Gram-negative bacterial profile, antimicrobial resistance pattern, risk factors and preventive measures". EKB Journal Management System, , , 2025, -. doi: 10.21608/mid.2025.343671.2387
Devi, K., Rani, A., Khunger, S., Kumar, S. (2025). 'Neonatal sepsis: Gram-negative bacterial profile, antimicrobial resistance pattern, risk factors and preventive measures', EKB Journal Management System, (), pp. -. doi: 10.21608/mid.2025.343671.2387
Devi, K., Rani, A., Khunger, S., Kumar, S. Neonatal sepsis: Gram-negative bacterial profile, antimicrobial resistance pattern, risk factors and preventive measures. EKB Journal Management System, 2025; (): -. doi: 10.21608/mid.2025.343671.2387

Neonatal sepsis: Gram-negative bacterial profile, antimicrobial resistance pattern, risk factors and preventive measures

Microbes and Infectious Diseases
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 04 February 2025  XML
Document Type: Review Article
DOI: 10.21608/mid.2025.343671.2387
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Authors
Kanika Devi1; Anju Raniorcid 1; Sandhya Khungerorcid 2; Sunil Kumar email orcid 1
1Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Bell Road, Clement Town, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
2Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, India
Abstract
Background: Sepsis, particularly bacterial sepsis, is still a leading cause of infant mortality, whether it is early onset sepsis (EOS) or late onset sepsis (LOS), despite much notable global advancements in lowering neonatal mortality. Neonatal sepsis continues to the third leading cause of neonatal death worldwide. Gram-negative bacteria (GNBs) namely, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa contribute to 20% to 42% of LOS cases. Neonates acquire infection through various ways such as, from maternal flora, in-utero infection and might be attributed from community and hospitals. K. pneumoniae is the major and leading sepsis causing pathogen worldwide followed by E. coli, Acinetobacter baumannii and others. Such pathogenic bacteria often develop resistance to antibiotic treatment, either as a result of first-line therapy with ampicillin and gentamicin or second-line therapy with amikacin, ceftazidime, and meropenem, as advised by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Early diagnosis of bacteria and antibiotic treatment are essential to lowering morbidity and mortality. Modern medications' invasive therapeutic procedures and diagnostics have raised the risk of infection and given rise to new microbes. In addition, the overuse of antibiotics has caused bacterial genetic mutations that have produced new resistant species that have spread swiftly throughout the community and in hospitals. This review was aimed to understand current scenario of neonatal sepsis and providing comprehensive overview of predominating Gram-negative bacteria in neonatal sepsis along with antimicrobial resistance, risk factors, prevention and management.
Keywords
Acinetobacter baumannii; Antimicrobial Resistance; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Neonatal Sepsis
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