Untargeted metabolomic, network pharmacology, and molecular docking of Sunda porcupine’s quills (Hystrix javanica, F. Cuvier 1823) extract for wound healing
Muhamad A., B., D. P., S., Rizki R., E., Masrukhin, M., Herjuno A., N., Wartika R., F., Raden L. R., A., Pamungkas R., F. (2025). Untargeted metabolomic, network pharmacology, and molecular docking of Sunda porcupine’s quills (Hystrix javanica, F. Cuvier 1823) extract for wound healing. EKB Journal Management System, 24(2), 257-273. doi: 10.21608/epj.2025.413230
Budiman Muhamad A.; Sari Shinta D. P.; Elfirta Rizki R.; Masrukhin Masrukhin; Nugroho Herjuno A.; Farida Wartika R.; Amalia Raden L. R.; Ferdian Pamungkas R.. "Untargeted metabolomic, network pharmacology, and molecular docking of Sunda porcupine’s quills (Hystrix javanica, F. Cuvier 1823) extract for wound healing". EKB Journal Management System, 24, 2, 2025, 257-273. doi: 10.21608/epj.2025.413230
Muhamad A., B., D. P., S., Rizki R., E., Masrukhin, M., Herjuno A., N., Wartika R., F., Raden L. R., A., Pamungkas R., F. (2025). 'Untargeted metabolomic, network pharmacology, and molecular docking of Sunda porcupine’s quills (Hystrix javanica, F. Cuvier 1823) extract for wound healing', EKB Journal Management System, 24(2), pp. 257-273. doi: 10.21608/epj.2025.413230
Muhamad A., B., D. P., S., Rizki R., E., Masrukhin, M., Herjuno A., N., Wartika R., F., Raden L. R., A., Pamungkas R., F. Untargeted metabolomic, network pharmacology, and molecular docking of Sunda porcupine’s quills (Hystrix javanica, F. Cuvier 1823) extract for wound healing. EKB Journal Management System, 2025; 24(2): 257-273. doi: 10.21608/epj.2025.413230

Untargeted metabolomic, network pharmacology, and molecular docking of Sunda porcupine’s quills (Hystrix javanica, F. Cuvier 1823) extract for wound healing

Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal
Article 12, Volume 24, Issue 2, April 2025, Page 257-273  XML PDF (3.92 MB)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/epj.2025.413230
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Authors
Budiman Muhamad A.1; Sari Shinta D. P.2; Elfirta Rizki R.3; Masrukhin Masrukhin4; Nugroho Herjuno A.5; Farida Wartika R.6; Amalia Raden L. R.7; Ferdian Pamungkas R.8
11Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA, Jl. Raden Fatah No.01, RT.002/RW.006, Parung Serab, Kec. Ciledug, Tangerang, Banten 13460, Indonesia
2Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA, Jl. Raden Fatah No.01, RT.002/RW.006, Parung Serab, Kec. Ciledug, Tangerang, Banten 13460, Indonesia,
3Research Centre for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). Jl. Raya Jakarta- Bogor Km 46. Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia,
4Research Centre for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46. Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia
5Research Centre for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46. Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia
6Research Centre for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). Jl. Raya Jakarta- Bogor Km 46. Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia
7Research Centre for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46. Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia
8Research Centre for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46. Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia
Abstract
Background
The Sunda porcupine’s quills (Hystrix javanica, F. Cuvier 1823) have been traditionally used in Indonesian medicine for their pain-relieving properties, particularly toothaches. Additionally, Sunda porcupine is known for its skin’s impressive wound healing abilities, leading to speculating that the quills may also possess wound healing potential.
Objective
The objective of this study is to identify bioactive components in Sunda porcupine’s quills extract using UPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS, and to explore the wound healing potential of these compounds through network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis. Materials and methods
Sunda porcupine’s quills were collected, dried at 50 °C, and extracted using 70% ethanol via maceration. The extract underwent metabolomic profiling using GC-MS and UPLC-MS/MS, with data analyzed through NIST-11 and databases such as ChemSpider and MassBank. Target proteins associated with skin wound healing were sourced from GeneCards, CTD, and PubMed, while the target proteins of Sunda porcupine’s quills active compounds were identified using SwissTargetPrediction and SEA server. Protein-protein interactions were analyzed with STRING, followed by enrichment analysis via DAVID. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock-4.2, while drug-likeliness and toxicity were assessed using SwissADME and Protox II. Results were visualized in 2D and 3D using Discovery Studio Visualizer.
Results and conclusion
Thirty-tow compounds were identified in the Sunda porcupine’s quills extract through UPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS analysis. Network pharmacology revealed that the extract targeted vital inflammatory markers, including IL6, IL1, and TNFα, which are involved in both skin wound healing  and the active compounds of the Sunda porcupine’s quills extract. Molecular docking analysis showed that compounds such as resolvin-D2, hypoxanthine, carnitine, indoline, pentanedioic acid 2,4-dimethyl-dimethyl ester, (11α,13E,15S)-11,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate, and 1-dodecanol displayed a potential inhibitory effect on proinflammatory cytokines (IL6, IL1, and TNFα) and on PPAR, which plays a role in cell proliferation during the wound healing process.
Keywords
Keywords: ethnomedicine; Indonesian fauna; in silico; natural product profiling. Egypt Pharmaceut J 24:0–0
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