تجريم اكتناز الذهــب وتخزينه دراسة مقارنة بين القانون الجنائي والفقه الإسلامي / The Criminalization of Gold Hoarding and Storage: An Analysis from the Perspective of Islamic Jurisprudence

References:

1: alquran alkarim.

2: kutub altafsir:

• abin kathir alqurashi: tafsir alquran aleazim liabn kathir eimad aldiyn 'abu alfida' 'iismaeil bin eumar bin kathir aldimashqi, dar alkutub aleilmiati, bayrut , lubnan , ta1 , ji4 , ta2 , ji2 .
• abin eatiat almuharir alwajiz fi tafsir alkitaab aleaziz(tafsir bin eatia ) 'abu muhamad eabd alhaqi bin ghalib bin eabd alrahman bin tamaam bin eatiat al'andalusi almuharibii , t 542h , t: eabd alsalam eabd alshaafi muhamadu, bayrut, dar alkutub alealamayhi1422 h , ta1, ja2, mu.sh .
• abin eashur, tahrir almaenaa alsadid watanwir aleaql aljadid min tafsir alkitaab almajid, aldaar altuwnusiat lilnashr, 1984m , tunis, bidun raqm tabeat , ji10 .
• alsakhawi , jamal alquraa' wakamal alaqara' , dimashq , dar almamun lilturath , 1487 hijriaa /1997m , t1 .
• alqurtubi: muhamad bin 'ahmad alqurtubiu, aljamie li'ahkam alqurani, tahqiq 'ahmad albarduni wa'iibrahim 'atfish, rajaeah muhamad alhafnawi , dar alkutub almisriat 1384hjiri- 1964m , alqahirat , ta2 , j 8 .
• altabri, jamie albayan fi tawil alqurani: limuhamad bin jarir altabari, tahqiq 'ahmad muhamad shakir , bayrut , muasasat alrisalat , 1420 h-2000 m , ji1 .
• alshaerawi, tafsir alshaerawii lilshaykh muhamad mutualiy alshaerawi, alqahirata, mutabie 'akhbar alyawmi, 1997 m , bidun raqm tabeat , j 8 .

3: kutub alhadith washuruhih warijalihi:

• albukhari, sahih albukharii lil'iimam 'abi eabd allah muhamad bin 'iismaeil albukhariu, dar bin kathirin, lubnan, birut, yanayir 2018 mi.
• mislma, sahih muslim li'abi alhasan muslim bin alhajaaj alqushayrii alniysaburi, dar 'iihya' alturath alearabii.
• 'ahmadu, musnad 'ahmadu, tahqiq shueayb al'arnawuwt wajamaeatu, tabeat muasasat alrisalat , ji7 .
• albihaqi, alsunan alkubraa li'abi bakr 'ahmad bin alhusayn bin ealii albayhaqii ( t 458 hijiri ) , ti: muhamad eabd alqadir eata , dar alkutub aleilmiat , bayrut , lubnan ta3 , 1424ha- 2003 m , j 4.
• al'albaniu , silsilat al'ahadith aldaeifat walmawdueat wathariha alsayiy fi al'umat , limuhamad nasir aldiyn al'albanii (t 1420hi) , maktabat almaearif , alriyad , alsaeudiat , 1412 h -1992m , t 1, ja3, mujalad 3 , alsilsilat alsahihat lil'albanii .
• 'abu dawwud , sunan 'abi dawwud : li'abi dawwud sulayman bin al'asheath bin 'iishaq bin bashir bin shidad bin eamrw al'azdi alsajistaniu t 275 hijiri , almaktabat aleasriat ,sida, bayrut, tahqiq muhamad muhyi aldiyn eabdalhamidi,ju2,mu.sh
• abn bataal , sharh sahih albukharii : liealii bn khalaf bin eabd almalik alshahir b abn bataal , alriyad , maktabat alrushd , 1423 hi , 2003 m , ta2 , ji3 .
• alhaythami , majmae alzawayid wamanbae alfawayid ,li'abi alhasan nur aldiyn ealii bin 'abi bakr bin sulayman alhaythamii , ta807hi , tahqiq husam aldiyn alqudsi, alqahirata, maktabat alqudsi, bidun raqm tabeati, 1414h, 1994m, ji10.
• aleasqalani, tahdhib altahdhib li'abi alfadl 'ahmad bin ealii bin hajar aleasqalanii alshaafieii (733-852hi), muasasat alrisalat , bayrut 1435h - 2014m , ta1 , ji1 , si301 , mi. sh. - alraazi , mafatih alghib ( altafsir alkabir ) , li'abi eabdallah muhamad bin eumar bin alhasan bin alhusayn altaymi alraazi almulaqab bifakhr aldiyn alraazi khatib alrayi , t 606h , bayrut, dar 'iihya' alturath alearabii , 1420h , t , 1420hi3 , ji16 , mu.sh .
• -abin eabd albur, aliastidhkaru, li'abi eumar yusif bin eabd albirr bin easim alnamrii alqurtibii , ta463hi , ti: salim muhamad eata , muhamad eali mueawad , bayrut, dar alkutub aleilmiat 1421hi-2000m , ta1, ja3, mu.sh .
• abin daqiq aleida: sharh al'arbaein alnawawiat , liabn daqiq aleid : taqi aldiyn 'abi alfath muhamad bn ealiin bn wahab bn mutaye alqushayrii , (t702), muasasat alrayaan , ta6 , 1424hi- 2003m .
• alharawi , murqaat almafatih sharh mishkaat almasabih lieali bin sultan muhamad 'abi alhasan nur aldiyn almula alharawii alqariyi (t 1014 )hajraa , dar alfikr , bayrut , j 8
• abin eudayi , alkamil fi dueafa' alrijal , li'abi 'ahmad bin eadii aljirjanii t 365hjiri , t : eadil 'ahmad eabd almawjud wakhrin , dar alkutub aleilmiat , bayrut , lubnan , ta1 , 1418hjiri - 1997m , mu.sh .
• almuejam aljamie fi tarajim almueasirina, talif 'aeda' multaqaa 'ahl alhadithi, 'aeadah lilmaktabat alshaamilat , 'usamat abn alzahra' , murqim alia ghayr matbue .

4: maeajim allugha:

• abn faris : maqayis allughat liabn faris : 'ahmad bin faris bin zakariaa alqazwini , t: eabd alsalam muhamad harun , alqahirat , dar alfikr .
• abn manzur : lisan alearab liabn manzur muhamad bin makram jamal aldiyn al'ansarii , dar almaearif , ji1 , dar sadir bayrut , ji3.
• 'abu mansur al'azhariu : tahdhib allughat , limuhamad bn 'ahmad al'azharii alharawii , ti: muhamad eawad , ja6 , dar 'iihya' alturath , bayrut , ta1 , 2001m.
• almuejam alwasit , majmae allughat alearabiat bialqahirat ,ji1 , ti5 .
• smuhiun fawq aleadat , almuejam aldiblumasiu walshuyuwn alduwaliat , bayrut , maktabat lubnan , 1679 .

5: almarajie alshareia:

• alnnwwiu, almajmue sharh almuhadhabi, li'abi zakaria muhyi aldiyn bin sharaf alnawawii , t 676h , 'iidarat altibaeat almuniriat , matbaeat altadamun al'akhawii , alqahirat 1344h , wasuaratuha dar alfikr , bayrut fi 20 mujalad , ja5, mu.sh .
• alkasani , badayie alsanayie fi tartib alsharayie , lilkasanii : eala' aldiyn 'abi bakr bin maseud alkasani alhanafii almulaqab bimilk aleulama' (t 587) , ta1, 1328hijiri , kitab alzakaat , zakat almal , matbaeat sharikat almatbueat aleilmiat , misr , wasuratuha kamilat matbaeat dar alkutub aleilmiat waghayriha , wa'asdarat dar alkutub aleilmiat tabeatan lahiqatan min 10 'ajza'an bitahqiq eali mueawad waeadil eabd almawjud , mu.sh .
• almusili, aliakhtiar litaelil almukhtar liabn mawdud eabd allh bin mahmud bin mawdud almusilii alhanafii , matbaeat alhalabii , alqahirat , wasuaratuha dar alkutub aleilmiat , bayrut , waghayruha , 1356hjiri - 1937m , ja1 ,ktab alzakat , bab zakat aldhahab walfidat , ,sh.m .
• abn rushd aljadi ,almuqadimat almumahadat liabn rushd 'abi alwalid muhamad bin 'ahmad bin rushd alqurtabi(ti520) , ti: du. muhamad hajiyin , dar algharb al'iislamii, , bayrut, lubnan , 1988-1408, ta1,ja1, kitab alzakat al'awal , mu.sh .
• abin eashur , maqasid alsharieat al'iislamiat liaibn eashur muhamad altaahir, tahqiq muhamad alhabib aibn alkhawajah , alnaashir wizarat al'awqaf walshuwuwn al'iislamiat , qatar , 1425 hi -2004m , ji2 .
• alarazi , almahsul , lifakhr aldiyn alraazi 'abu eabdallah muhamad bin eumar bin alhasan bin alhusayn altaymi ,1/78 , muasasat alrisalat , ta3, 1418h,1997m.
• abn qudamat : almughaniy liabn qudamat 'abu muhamad eabd allh bin 'ahmad bin muhamad bn qudama ( 541-620), m sh , tabeat maktabat alqahirat , ta1 , 1388hi, 1968m, ji2
• alsarukhisi: almabsut lilsarukhsii , shams al'ayimat muhamad bin 'ahmad bin 'abi sahl , ja2 , matbaeat alsaeadat , misr , wasuaratuha dar almaerifat , bayrut , lubnan , wal'usul lilsarukhsi.
• alghazali , 'iihya' eulum aldiyn , li'abi hamid muhamad bin muhamad alghazali altuwsi, dar almaerifat bayruta,ji3.
• da.'ahmad ewwad alkbisi, alhajat aliaiqtisadiat fi almadhhab aliaqtisadii al'iislami, ta1, 1986, matbaeat aleani, baghdad.
• qutb mustafaa sanu: alastithmar 'ahkamuh wadawabituh fi alfiqh al'iislamii, dar alniqash lilnashr waltawzie , yanayir 2000m. -
• da.'ahmad khalaf jarad altarafuh wa'ahkamuh alshareiat wamakanatuh min alnizam alnaqdii('akl aldhahab walfidat 'unmudhaja). , aljamieat aleiraqiat , eadadi4 , ji3.
• d. zakariaa alqudaata, dirasat fi alaiqtisad al'iislami, ta1, 1988m, jamieat alyrmuk, aleiraqi.
• du.muhamad eabd almuneim : nahw tatwir almudarabat fi almasarif al'iislamiati, ta1, 2000ma, almaehad alealamiu lilfikr al'iislami, masr.
• muhamad euthman shibir, almadkhal 'iilaa fiqh almueamalat almaliati:ta2,2010m,dar alniqash,al'urdun.
• eabd alsalam aleabaadi, almalakiat fi alsharieat al'iislamiat tabieatuha wawazayifuha waquyuduha dirasat muqaranat bialqawanin alwadeiati, ta1, 1975ma, maktabat al'aqsaa, eaman.
• eabd alsamie almisriu, muqawimat aliaqtisad al'iislami, ta3, 1983ma, maktabat wahbata, masr.
• 'ahmad faras aleawran , almakhatir al'akhlaqiat wal'azmat alealamiat almueasirat wijhat nazar 'iislamiat : wijhat nazar 'iislamiat , majala "'iislamiat almaerifati", almaehad alealamii lilfikr al'iislamii , 2010 , mujalad 16, ea62
• 'amirat mashhur , aliastithmar fi aliaqtisad al'iislamii , maktabat madbuli alsaghir ,1991m , s 124
• eadnan khalid alturkumani , alsiyasat alnaqdiat walmasrifiat fi al'iislam , bayrut , muasasat alrisalat , 1998 mu.
• yusif hamid alealam , almaqasid aleamat lilsharieat al'iislamiat , alriyad , aldaar alealamiat lilkitab al'iislamii bialtaeawun mae almaehad alealamii lilfikr al'iislamii, 1415 hi , 1994 m , t 2 .
• d. rafaeat alsayid aleuadi , al'akhlaq fi aliaqtisad al'iislamii , almaehad alealamia lilfikr al'iislamii , dar alkalimat lilnashr waltawzie , 1401hjiri , 1981m

6: almarajie alqanunia.

• du. yusr 'anwar , da. amal euthman : 'usul eilmii al'iijram waleiqab , dar alnahdat alearabiat , 1986m.
• d .'ahmad husni 'ahmad tah : mudhakirat fi eilm al'iijram . , matbaeat alnuwr.
• da.eabd alfataah alsayfiu ealam al'iijrami. , bayrut , dar alkutub , 1973 ma.
• ـ 'akhlaqiaat tuqasm almakhatir fi aliaiqtisad waltamwil al'iislamii .da. eabaas zumir.
• dalil 'akhlaqiaat aliaqtisad al'iislamii , di juru yitr .
• fathi eabd alkrim. , alnizam aliaqtisadiu fi al'iislam , dar gharib liltibaeat , 1397hi, 1977m
• musaa adim eisaa , athar altaghayurat fi qimat alnuqud , wakayfiat muealajatiha fi aliaqtisad al'iislamii , ta1 , majmueat dilat albarakat , jidat , 1993m
• d.frid rawabih , muhadarat fi alqanun aljinayiyi , matbaeat aldurus , stif , 2018 .
• alhajat alaiqtisadiat fi almadhhab alaiqtisadii al'iislamii .dd. 'ahmad ewwad alkabaysi , ta1, 1986 , matbaeat aleani , baghdadu.
• dirasat fi aliaqtisad al'iislami, zakariaa alqudaat , ta1, 1988m , jamieat alyarmuk , aleiraq .

7: kutub fi majalat 'ukhraa :

• alghazaliu muhamad bin muhamad 'abu hamid altuwsiu , 'iihya' eulum aldiyn , dar alqalam , bayrut , ji4 (alkitab fi majal alraqayiq waladab) .
• eumdat almuhtaj fi eilmay al'adwiat waleilaj .li'ahmad 'afandi bin hasan bin ealiin alrashidii almasrii , dar altibaeat alkhidywyat , 1866m, misr ,(alkitab fi majal alsaydalat waleaqaqir)
• -ealal alfasi , almadhahib aliaiqtisadiat , ta1 , almaghrib , alribat , matbaeat alrisalat , 2005 .
• mahii aldiyn eawaad , aldhahab sayid almaeadin lilkatib , muhyi aldiyn eawaad alzaahir, majalat alwaey al'iislamii , e 573 , 2013m ..
• malkum bur, aldhahaba, lilkatib malkum barr , tarjamat 'amin salama .
• dibian bin muhamad aldibyaan , almueamalat almaliat 'asalat wamueasarat , ta2 , 1432hi , bidun dar nashr

8: rasayil jamieia:

• alsaratawi eabd alhakim 'iismaeil mahmud: aldhahab wa'ahkamuh alshareiat wamakanatuh min alnizam alnaqdii. , risalat majistir,1998m, 1419hjiri , jamieat 'um dirman al'iislamiat , kuliyat alsharieat walqanun , alsuwdan, 1998m.

9: alqawanin wallawayih:

• qanun aleuqubat almisrii, raqm 58 lisanat 1937m , almueadal bialqanun 141 lisanat 2021m .
• qanun himayat almustahlik raqm 181 lisanat 2018m (qanun misriun).
• qanun altahrib alsuwdanii almueadal bialqarar aljumhurii raqm 119 lisanat 1999m thuma qanun altahrib lieam 2016m.
• mashrue alriyasat al'amrikiat al'amr altanfidhiu raqm 6102.
• qanun aihtiatii aldhahab al'amrikii lieam 1934 m

10: almawaqie al'iilikturunia waljarayid walmajalaat walmutamarat:

• aljazirat nit : eabd alhafiz alsaawi , mae tawali al'azamat alaiqtisadiat kayf yumkinuk alhifaz ealaa mudakharatik ? , aljazirat nit , 14-1-2023m
• alsaed althaabit , ( anfisu bidya ) , wikibidia , aliaktinaz f aliaqtisad , maqalat , marabot ,bawaabat ealam aleumlat
• BBCNEWS - earabi, sumyat nasr, 10 maris 2022m , alromaizan.com blog<https: > ho.. - majalat alwaey al'iislamii , alzaahir muhyi aldiyn eawad , aldhahab sayid almaeadin , maqal , alnaashir. wizarat al'awqaf walshuwuwn al'iislamiat , alkuayt , almujalad50 , e 573 , 2013m , a434hu.
• skaa niuz earabiat , nafadh aldhahba, 11 yunyu2024m.
• sudan niuz
• almisri alyawm : hanan wajdi , eudw almajlis aliaistisharii lilwahdat aliaiqtisadiat alearabiat , alkhamis 19-9-2024m .
• aliawm alsaabie , bawaabat 'akhbar alyawm al'iiliktruniati,
• mawqie daftarat , maqal , 26 - 11 - 2024 m , almarkaz altaelimiu , 'iidarat alhisabat , alkatib fariq eamal daftara
• barnamaj alquran aleazim ,alyawm alsaabieu. ray da. ealaa jumeat , mufti aldiyar almisriat sabqaan , al'ahad 10 min 'abril 2022m, biqalami/ muhamad eabd almajid.
• mawqie qamus almaeani , almaany>com , mutaeadid allughat , tarikh al'iitlaq , 2010mi,
• bawaabat eilm aleumlat .
• jaridat alwatan ray alshaykh eabd alhamid al'atrash , rayiys lajnat alfatwaa al'asbaq bial'azhar alsharif , al'arbiea' 17 mayu 2023m , kutub 'ahmad alsharqawi.

https:/www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/executive_order_6102 - mashrue alriyaasat al'amrikiat alamir altanfidhiu raqm 6102. https:/www.federalresevehistory.orglessags/roosevelts_gold_program tarikh alaihtiatii alfidiralii barnamaj ruzfilt aldhahabi

• https:/www.federalreservehistory.orgessays/gold_resserve.act
• tarikh aliahtiatii alfidiralii qanun aihtiatii aldhahab lieam 1934 m
• mawqie capital_Faster alrayiysiah_qanun aihtiatii aldhahab al'amiriki.
• https:/www.low.cornell.edu/constitution /fifth amendment.
• maehad almaelumat alqanunia "altaedil alkhamis"
• BBCNEWSerbi.- alromaizan.comblog<https: >ho. ( anfisu bidya ) , wikibidya , aliaktinaz f aliaqtisad , maqalat , marabout .

11: almutamarat walmawsueat:

• du. muhamad eabd allah dirazi: mutamar alqanun al'iislamii. almuneaqad fi baris eam 1950..
• almusueat alhadithiat -aldirar alsuniyat - shuruh al'ahaditha.