Evaluation of Lake Bardawil's Bottom Sediments' Environmental Risk Over the Past Decade
Elhdad, A., EL-Bady, M., Ahmed, H., Nashy, E., El-Khateeb, M. (2025). Evaluation of Lake Bardawil's Bottom Sediments' Environmental Risk Over the Past Decade. EKB Journal Management System, 68(10), 79-88. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.336246.10799
Adel M.A. Elhdad; M.S.M. EL-Bady; Hussein M. Ahmed; El-Shahat H.A. Nashy; M.A. El-Khateeb. "Evaluation of Lake Bardawil's Bottom Sediments' Environmental Risk Over the Past Decade". EKB Journal Management System, 68, 10, 2025, 79-88. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.336246.10799
Elhdad, A., EL-Bady, M., Ahmed, H., Nashy, E., El-Khateeb, M. (2025). 'Evaluation of Lake Bardawil's Bottom Sediments' Environmental Risk Over the Past Decade', EKB Journal Management System, 68(10), pp. 79-88. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.336246.10799
Elhdad, A., EL-Bady, M., Ahmed, H., Nashy, E., El-Khateeb, M. Evaluation of Lake Bardawil's Bottom Sediments' Environmental Risk Over the Past Decade. EKB Journal Management System, 2025; 68(10): 79-88. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.336246.10799

Evaluation of Lake Bardawil's Bottom Sediments' Environmental Risk Over the Past Decade

Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Volume 68, Issue 10, October 2025, Page 79-88  XML PDF (1.16 MB)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.336246.10799
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Authors
Adel M.A. Elhdad1; M.S.M. EL-Bady2; Hussein M. Ahmedorcid 3; El-Shahat H.A. Nashyorcid 4; M.A. El-Khateeb email orcid 5
1Madinah Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Giza, Egypt
2Department of Geological Sciences, National Research Centre, Egypt
3Housing and Building Research Center (HBRC), Sanitary and Environmental Institute. Dokki, Egypt, Giza, 12613, Egypt, hussein_fee@yahoo.com
4Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
5Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
Abstract
The level of some heavy metals in Bardawil Lagoon during the past ten years was investigated. Heavy metals (iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and cadmium Cd) were studied in bottom sediments of 10 stations of Bardawil Lagoon. The heavy metal concentrations were varied from time to time. Heavy metals are shown in the following order in 2013: Fe >Mn> Zn> Cu> Cr >Ni >Pb >Cd, in 2015: Fe >Mn> Cr> Zn> Ni >Pb >Cu> Cd, in 2017: Fe >Mn> Cr> Zn> Ni >Pb >Cu >Cd, and in 2022 Fe >Mn> Cr> Zn> Ni >Pb >Cu> Cd. Single and integrated contamination indices were utilized to analyse the heavy metal pollution of the examined collected samples of the Lagoon. Different indexes such as the contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (DC), and ecological risk index (ERI) were followed up during the study. The results indicated that most of the collected samples exhibited a low DC and a low ERI from 2013 to 2022.
Keywords
heavy metals; concentration; contamination; ecological risk index
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