Protective Prospect of Chlorella vulgaris Against Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Induced Immunotoxic Impairments in Nile Tilapia
Elbohy, K., Khalil, S., Reda, R., Reda, A., Abozeid, E. (2025). Protective Prospect of Chlorella vulgaris Against Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Induced Immunotoxic Impairments in Nile Tilapia. EKB Journal Management System, (), 1-12. doi: 10.21608/ejvs.2025.354819.2611
Khlood Ebrahim Elbohy; Samah Ramadan Khalil; Rasha Mohamed Reda; Amira mohamed Reda; Ehsan Hashim Abozeid. "Protective Prospect of Chlorella vulgaris Against Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Induced Immunotoxic Impairments in Nile Tilapia". EKB Journal Management System, , , 2025, 1-12. doi: 10.21608/ejvs.2025.354819.2611
Elbohy, K., Khalil, S., Reda, R., Reda, A., Abozeid, E. (2025). 'Protective Prospect of Chlorella vulgaris Against Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Induced Immunotoxic Impairments in Nile Tilapia', EKB Journal Management System, (), pp. 1-12. doi: 10.21608/ejvs.2025.354819.2611
Elbohy, K., Khalil, S., Reda, R., Reda, A., Abozeid, E. Protective Prospect of Chlorella vulgaris Against Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Induced Immunotoxic Impairments in Nile Tilapia. EKB Journal Management System, 2025; (): 1-12. doi: 10.21608/ejvs.2025.354819.2611

Protective Prospect of Chlorella vulgaris Against Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Induced Immunotoxic Impairments in Nile Tilapia

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences
Articles in Press, Corrected Proof, Available Online from 23 March 2025  XML PDF (1.09 MB)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/ejvs.2025.354819.2611
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Authors
Khlood Ebrahim Elbohy1; Samah Ramadan Khalil1; Rasha Mohamed Redaorcid 2; Amira mohamed Reda email orcid 1; Ehsan Hashim Abozeid1
1Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
2Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Egypt
Abstract
The immunological effects of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) on aquatic animals may be particularly significant since these animals can experience continual exposure to these MNPs dispersed in water throughout their whole life cycle. Chlorella vulgaris (ChV) is commonly used in aquaculture and has various biological and therapeutic characteristics. A total of 144 Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were equally categorized into four groups as follows: Control (C), ChV (30 g/kg diet), CuO-NPs (5.72 µg L−1 1/10 LC50), and CuO-NPs/ ChV groups. Our data demonstrated that exposure to CuO-NPs significantly decreased RBCs count, haemoglobin content and heterophile %. On the other hand, exposure to CuO-NPs induced a significant increase in WBC count and lymphocyte %. The exposed fish revealed a significant (P value < 0.05) decrease in phagocytic percent and phagocytic index and a decline in IgM, lysozyme and nitric oxide serum levels. Meanwhile, the INF–γ serum level significantly (P value < 0.05) increased. The RT-PCR analysis demonstrated an up-regulation of NF-𝜅β, TNF-α, IL-1B and TGF-b expression levels. Interestingly, ChV markedly ameliorated against CuO-NPs-induced immunotoxic impairments in fish group-fed diets supplemented with ChV. Our data revealed the immune-protective properties of ChV in CuO-NPs-exposed fish, demonstrating the possible usefulness of ChV as an eventual immune-protective agent.
Keywords
Copper oxide nanoparticles; Chlorella vulgaris; Oreochromis niloticus; immunotoxic impairments; Genes expression in spleen
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