Thyroid-pineal axis: Melatonin, circadian clock gene expression and vitamin D in Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients | ||
| Journal of the Medical Research Institute | ||
| Article 1, Volume 46, Issue 1, March 2025, Pages 1-11 PDF (1.11 M) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/jmalexu.2025.359297.1050 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Sara Shaker1; Magda Megahed1; Mahmoud Mahfouz2; Tamer Hassanien2; Bothaina Fouad Mahmoud1; Tarek M Salem* 3 | ||
| 1Biochemistry Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University | ||
| 2Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt | ||
| 3Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Background: There is evidence to suggest that thyroid hormone may affect circadian rhythm. Aim: Investigate changes in peripheral blood expression of circadian clock genes and melatonin and vitamin D in Egyptian women with Hashimoto Thyroiditis (HT). Methods: Case–control study included 240 females divided into two groups: (Control group): 120 euthyroid healthy females & (HT group): 120 females with HT. Serum thyroid hormones, antibodies, melatonin, (25(OH)D), ionized calcium, hemoglobin were measured, Determination of gene expression of the brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like 1 (BMAL-1), Period 2 (PER2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) , which are associated with the circadian clock. Results: Melatonin, vitamin D, ionized calcium, and hemoglobin were lower in the HT group. Expression of BMAL-1, PER2, and SIRT1 was downregulated , whereas that of NFKB, TLR4, and TNF-α was upregulated in the HT group. Conclusion: Suggests associations between HT and circadian rhythm, as reflected in the downregulation of BMAL-1 and PER2 gene expression, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress. The significant decrease in serum melatonin levels in HT patients strongly suggests an association between melatonin pathway and HT. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis; Circadian rhythms; Melatonin; Circadian clock genes; Thyroid –pineal axis | ||
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