Correspondence between Epstein Barr Virus infection and Programmed death ligand 1 in bladder cancer patients
Elzalouey, A., Mohei El-dien, S., Mohamed, S., Masallat, D., Othman, A. (2025). Correspondence between Epstein Barr Virus infection and Programmed death ligand 1 in bladder cancer patients. EKB Journal Management System, 34(3), 327-336. doi: 10.21608/ejmm.2025.369112.1525
Amira E. Elzalouey; Sanaa Mohei El-dien; Sahar T. Mohamed; Doaa T. Masallat; Ahmed M. Othman. "Correspondence between Epstein Barr Virus infection and Programmed death ligand 1 in bladder cancer patients". EKB Journal Management System, 34, 3, 2025, 327-336. doi: 10.21608/ejmm.2025.369112.1525
Elzalouey, A., Mohei El-dien, S., Mohamed, S., Masallat, D., Othman, A. (2025). 'Correspondence between Epstein Barr Virus infection and Programmed death ligand 1 in bladder cancer patients', EKB Journal Management System, 34(3), pp. 327-336. doi: 10.21608/ejmm.2025.369112.1525
Elzalouey, A., Mohei El-dien, S., Mohamed, S., Masallat, D., Othman, A. Correspondence between Epstein Barr Virus infection and Programmed death ligand 1 in bladder cancer patients. EKB Journal Management System, 2025; 34(3): 327-336. doi: 10.21608/ejmm.2025.369112.1525

Correspondence between Epstein Barr Virus infection and Programmed death ligand 1 in bladder cancer patients

Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology
Volume 34, Issue 3, July 2025, Page 327-336  XML PDF (494.67 K)
Document Type: Review articles
DOI: 10.21608/ejmm.2025.369112.1525
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Authors
Amira E. Elzalouey email 1; Sanaa Mohei El-dien1; Sahar T. Mohamed2; Doaa T. Masallatorcid 1; Ahmed M. Othman3
1Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
2Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University and Horus University, Mansoura, Egypt
3Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
Abstract
Worldwide, bladder cancer (BC) remains a substantial health challenge, with immune system interactions having an important role in its pathogenesis and progression. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been related to several malignancies, yet its role in BC is not well-understood. Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), an immune checkpoint molecule, has the ability to contribute to tumour immune evasion and has become a major target for immunotherapy. This review explores the potential association between EBV infection, bladder cancer, and the expression of PD-L1. We summarize current evidence on EBV’s oncogenic mechanisms, its potential involvement in bladder carcinogenesis, and its influence on PD-L1 regulation. Additionally, we discuss the implications of EBV-associated immune modulation in BC and its potential impact on immunotherapeutic strategies, particularly checkpoint inhibitors. Understanding the interplay between EBV, BC, and PD-L1 may provide new insights into tumour immune escape mechanisms and novel therapies, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
Keywords
Epstein Barr Virus; Bladder cancer; Programmed death ligand 1
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