Spatial Modelling of the Impact of Bridges on the Geomorpho-terrain Characteristics of the Nile Streambed and Their Hazards in El-Zamalik Area, Egypt: A Study in Engineering Geomorphology Using Geomatics Techniques | ||
| Journal of Sustainable Development in Social and Environmental Sciences | ||
| Article 6, Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2025, Pages 103-164 PDF (48.58 M) | ||
| Document Type: scientific research and articles | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/jsdses.2025.370221.1045 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Ahmed Ibrahim Mohamed Saber* 1; Hewyda Tawfik Ahmed Hassan2 | ||
| 1Department of Geography and Geographic Information Systems, Faculty of Arts, Port Said University, Egypt | ||
| 2Department of Geography and Geographic Information Systems, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Egypt | ||
| Abstract | ||
| El-Zamalik area bears witness to a long history of bridges connecting the two banks of the Nile River. These bridges are of utmost significance in connecting areas of Greater Cairo, given the area's tourism and economic significance. The study area includes seven bridges with varying geometric and morphometric characteristics. The study relies on spatial modelling by applying geomatics techniques to produce 1D, 2D and 3D maps so as to illustrate the dynamic relationship between engineering constructions, particularly bridge piers, and the geomorpho-terrain changes in the Nile streambed. It concludes that the areas under the bridges witness severe water turbulence, which increase the velocity and energy of the river, particularly since the sediments forming the Nile streambed are not cohesive. This has resulted in the availability of sediments, which has created a new force that increases the river's energy, namely mechanical erosion. Due to variations in the rates of erosion and deposition in the streambed, there are geomorpho-terrain and geomorphological changes. In addition, the study stresses that the shape of pier plays a major role in the variation in erosion rates, as cylindrical piers increase the depth of erosion compared to other piers. Local erosion under and at the back of bridges causes many hazards, but it does not pose a direct threat to the bridges themselves in El-Zamalik area. This is owing to the general increase in deposition rates in general, particularly in the sub-stream, which negatively impact river navigation during the period of least demand. As for cable routing, it is found that the stream is suitable for this, provided that safety standards are observed, and the lateral slopes of the stream are avoided. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Spatial modelling; bridges; El-Zamalik; the Nile streambed; geomorpho-terrain | ||
| References | ||
|
Sources Egyptian General Authority for Remote Sensing. (2024). Landsat TM Satellite Imagery. Cairo. Egyptian Survey Authority. (1907). Topographic maps, at a scale of 1:50000. Cairo. Egyptian Survey Authority. (1945). Topographic maps, at a scale of 1:25000. Cairo. French Expedition Maps. (1826). Topographic maps, at a scale of 1:100000. Cairo. Egyptian Survey Authority. (2004). Topographic maps, at a scale of 1:50000. Cairo. Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, Nile Research Institute. (1982, 2007). Contour maps of the Nile River streambed, at a scale 1:5000, 1982, and at a scale of 1:5000, 2007. Cairo. Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, Nile Research Institute. (2002-2016). Unpublished data. Cairo. References Arabic References Ahmed, M. B., & El-Shazly, S. F. (1990). mtābʿt n-nḥt ḥūl dʿā'im kbāri l-qāhrt (Monitoring the erosion of Cairo bridge piers). Hydraulics and Silt Research Institute, Water Research Center in El-Khairiya barrages, Ministry of Water Resources. Hashish, M. A. E. (2009). t'athīr mūrfūlūjīt mjr nhr n-nīl ʿl n-nql n-nhrī bīn aswān wālqnāṭr (The Impact of the morphology of the Nile River stream on river transport between Aswan and barrages) (Doctoral dissertation). Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts, Benha University, Egypt. Hassan, H. T. (2023). rṣd t-tghīrāt l-jīūmūrfūlūjīt llmnʿṭfāt n-nhrīt bmjr n-nīl bīn mdīnt asīūṭ ūmlwy bāstkhdām nẓm l-mʿlūmāt l-jghrāfīt (Monitoring the geomorphological changes of the river meanders in the course of the Nile between the cities of Assiut and Mallawi using geographic information systems). Journal of the Faculty of Arts Beni Suef University, 12(3), 1207-1316. https://doi.org/10.21608/jbsu.2021.142037 Saber, A. I. M. (2007). ālāthār l-jīūmūrfūlūjīt n-nājmt ʿn ḥrkt l-mīāh fi l-mnṭqt l-mmtdt mn l-ṣf il l-ʿīn s-skhnt (Geomorphological impacts resulting from water movement in the area extending from El-Saff to Ain Sokhna) (Doctoral dissertation). Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts, Benha University, Egypt. Saber, A. I. M. (2016). rṣd t-tghīrāt wāl'akhṭār l-jīūmūrfūlūjīt n-nājmt ʿn bnā' qnāṭr njʿ ḥmādī bmjr n-nīl bāstkhdām nẓm l-mʿlūmāt l-jghrāfīt (Monitoring of geomorphological changes and hazards resulting from the construction of Naga Hammadi barrages in the Nile course using GIS). Egyptian Geographical Society, 91. Salama, H. R. (2004). 'aṣūl l-jīūmūrfūlūjīā (Fundamentals of geomorphology) (1st Edition). Amman: Dar Al-Maysara for Publishing and Distribution. English References Abd Elraof, M. E. (2019). Evaluation of bearing capacity of caissons subject to scour. The Academic Research Community Publication, 2(3).https://doi.org/10.21625/archive.v2i3.365 Abdel-Aziz, M. F. (1992). Dictionary of water engineering: English-French-Arabic, Academic Reference Dictionaries (M. Debs & A. Abdelwahed, Eds.). Beirut: Academia. Arneson, L. A., Zevenbergen, L. W., Lagasse, P. F., & Clopper, P. E. (2012). Evaluating scour at bridges. US Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration. Deng, L., & Cai, C. S. (2010). Bridge scour: prediction, modeling, monitoring, and countermeasures—review. Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, 15(2), 125–134. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)sc.1943-5576. 0000041 El-Berkawy, M. M. (2002). Study of local scour around bridge piers (M. SC. Thesis). Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Menoufiya University, Egypt. Elmola, A. M. A., Mowafy, Y., & Abd El Raouf, M. E. (2011). Study of the effect of the bridges constructed on the River Nile on its bed at fourth reach. CERM, 33(2), 407-420. Elsaeed, G. H., Moussa, M. A., Abdul-Muttalib, M. A., & Mohammed, S. A. (2022). Morphological changes in the Nile River in the bridges region. Engineering Research Journal, 2(51), 148-155. https://doi.org/10.21608/erjsh.2022.237463 ElSherbeny, M. M. A. (2019). Local scour at bridges supports on the river nile: case study: cable stayed bridge of Rod El Farag corridor (Master's thesis). Ain Shams University, Faculty of Engineering, Irrigation and Hydraulics Department, Cairo, Egypt. Ghazvinei, P. T., Ariffin, J., Abdullah, J., & Mohamed, T. A. (2014). Assessment of Local Scour at Bridges Abutment. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 8(3), 296-304. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.8.973 Hafez, Y. I. (2004). A new analytical bridge pier scour equation. Eighth International Water Technology Conference (IWT8C 2004), Alexandria, Egypt, 587. Hung, C. C., & Yau, W. G. (2014). Behavior of scoured bridge piers subjected to flood-induced loads. Engineering Structures, 80, 241–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct .09.009 Inamdeen, F., Larson, M., Thiere, G., & Karlsson, C. (2021). Local Scour in Rivers due to Bridges and Natural Features. A Case Study from Rönne River, Sweden. Journal of Water Management and Research, 77(3). 143-161. Kinghton, D. (1998). Fluvial forms and processes: A new perspective. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Lagasse, P. F., Clopper, P. E., Zevenbergen, L.W., & Ruff, J. F. (2009). Bridge scour and stream instability countermeasures: experience, selection, and design guidance (3rd Edition). United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Bridge Technology. Moussa, A. M. (2018). Evaluation of local scour around bridge piers for various geometrical shapes using mathematical models. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 9(4), 2571–2580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2017. 08.003. Omara, H., Saleh, O. K., Al-Mutiry, M., Masria, A., & Tawfik, A. (2023). Assessment of the local scour around vertical and inclined oblong piers under shallow flow condition. Ocean Engineering, 281, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.114835. Rady, R. A. E. (2020). Prediction of local scour around bridge piers: Artificial-intelligence-based modeling versus conventional regression methods. Applied Water Science, 10(57). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-020-1140-4 Saber, A. I. M. (2023). Recent trends in the geomorphology of rivers and criteria for the degrees of their danger. Journal of Sustainable Development in Social and Enironmental Sciences, 2(2), 59-68. https://doi.org/10.21608/jsdses.2023.201252.1015 Saber, A. I., & Hassan, H. T. (2024). The impact of spur dikes on the dynamics of erosion and deposition processes in the Nile River in Abnub Area: A study in engineering geomorphology using artificial intelligence. Journal of the Faculty of Arts, Port Said University, 27(27), 172-223. https://doi.org/10.21608/jfpsu.2023.242175.1308. Shahriar, A. R., Montoya, B. M., Ortiz, A. C., & Gabr, M. A. (2021). Quantifying probability of deceedance estimates of clear water local scour around bridge piers. Journal of Hydrology, 597, 126-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.126177 Tiwari, H., Sharma, N., & Simegn, A. (2012). Bridge scour by HEC-RAS Model: A case study over Ganga Bridge. Recent Trends Civil Eng Technol, 2(2), 1-8. Yang, Y., Melville, B. W., Macky, G. H., & Shamseldin, A. Y. (2021). Experimental study on local scour at complex bridge pier under steady currents with bed-form migration. Ocean Engineering, 234(5). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.109329 | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 132 PDF Download: 278 |
||
