Green Approaches in synthesizing Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnoNPs) of Pomelo (Citrus Maxima) Extract for Anti-Biofilm and Anti-Bacterial Agent | ||
| Journal of Bioscience and Applied Research | ||
| Article 23, Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2025, Pages 652-669 PDF (1.71 M) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/jbaar.2025.362497.1159 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Nehan Bahaaldden Jafar1; Ali M Saadi* 2 | ||
| 1Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq | ||
| 2Department of Medicinal Plant Technologies, Technical Agricultural College, Northern Technical University, Iraq | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Introduction: This study focuses on synthesizing (Zno-NPs) using a green synthesis method with Citrus Maxima extract and investigating their antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties. Nanoparticles, including ZnO-NPs, possess unique characteristics such as shape and size dependency, and Citrus fruits, being globally popular, contain various phytochemicals. Methods: This study aimed to synthesize ZnO-NPs using pomelo extract and evaluate their antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties. The chemical components were analyzed using GC-MS, while techniques like UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM-EDX, and XRD were used to characterize the size and morphology of the nanoparticles. Antibacterial activity was tested against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus. aureus using agar well diffusion method. Additionally, anti-biofilm activity was assessed against biofilm-forming clinical isolates. Results: The study characterized Citrus maxima extract using FT-IR and GC-MS, confirming its high phytochemical content. The synthesis of (ZnO-NPs) involves reducing Zn+2 to Zn0, confirmed by a color change to brownish. UV-Vis spectroscopy confirms ZnoNP formation with SPR at 372 nm, and FESEM, EDX, and XRD show that the nanoparticles have a spherical and crystalline morphology with a size of 30-90 nm and an average size of 57 nm. The study revealed substantial antibacterial activity in both extract and ZnoNPs, with MIC experiments showing effective antibacterial activity at low doses. Furthermore, the anti-biofilm study demonstrated ZnoNPs' ability to suppress biofilm development across several bacterial strains. Discussion: This study demonstrates how ZnO-NPs made with green chemistry to battle bacterial infections and biofilm-associated disorders, advancing both environmental health and nanomedicine. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Citrus maxima; ZnoNPs; anti-bacterial activity; anti-biofilm; GC-Mass | ||
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