The Role of Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO-1) and Clinical Laboratory Investigations in Assessing the Severity of COVID-19
Elsayed, M., El-mezayen, H., Shaker, O., Abdelfatah, Y., Abdo, S. (2025). The Role of Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO-1) and Clinical Laboratory Investigations in Assessing the Severity of COVID-19. EKB Journal Management System, 2(2), 39-54. doi: 10.21608/ijabmb.2025.369090.1011
Medhat M Elsayed; Hatem A. El-mezayen; Olfat G. Shaker; Yasmine Abdelfatah; Sara M. Abdo. "The Role of Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO-1) and Clinical Laboratory Investigations in Assessing the Severity of COVID-19". EKB Journal Management System, 2, 2, 2025, 39-54. doi: 10.21608/ijabmb.2025.369090.1011
Elsayed, M., El-mezayen, H., Shaker, O., Abdelfatah, Y., Abdo, S. (2025). 'The Role of Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO-1) and Clinical Laboratory Investigations in Assessing the Severity of COVID-19', EKB Journal Management System, 2(2), pp. 39-54. doi: 10.21608/ijabmb.2025.369090.1011
Elsayed, M., El-mezayen, H., Shaker, O., Abdelfatah, Y., Abdo, S. The Role of Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO-1) and Clinical Laboratory Investigations in Assessing the Severity of COVID-19. EKB Journal Management System, 2025; 2(2): 39-54. doi: 10.21608/ijabmb.2025.369090.1011

The Role of Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO-1) and Clinical Laboratory Investigations in Assessing the Severity of COVID-19

International Journal of Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Volume 2, Issue 2, June 2025, Page 39-54  XML PDF (272.88 K)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/ijabmb.2025.369090.1011
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Authors
Medhat M Elsayed email 1; Hatem A. El-mezayen1; Olfat G. Shaker2; Yasmine Abdelfatah3; Sara M. Abdoorcid 1
1Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
2Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
3Internal medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
Abstract
Background: The transmission of diseases across nations and continents is a significant disadvantage of globalization. In December 2019, COVID-19 emerged in Wuhan, China, as a new viral illness caused by a novel beta coronavirus. The forkhead box O1 (FoxO-1) transcription factors are reported to play a significant role in maintaining normal cell physiology by regulating survival, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. 
Objective: We aimed to detect the severity of COVID-19 by clinical laboratory investigation and epigenetic biomarkers FOXO-1.
Patients and methods: This study is a prospective case-control investigation involving 50 participants divided into two groups. Group I consists of 30 patients diagnosed with COVID-19. While Group II includes 20 healthy controls. The expression levels of FOXO-1 were evaluated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).  
Results: In comparison between COVID-19 patients and healthy individuals, we use many clinical laboratory investigations such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, RBCs, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCHC (g/dL), PLTs, WBCs, INR, albumin, ALT, AST, LDH, PT, creatinine, sodium (Na), random blood sugar (mg/dL), and FOXO-1. There are statistically significant differences in these parameters. The analysis of the ROC curve demonstrated, along with the AUC curve, notable diagnostic performance at a cut-off value of 0.34-fold, yielding an AUC of 0.874, with a sensitivity of 88.0% and a specificity of 95.0%.
Conclusion: Then conclude from these results that the expression levels of FOXO-1 and clinical laboratory investigations, including hematological, serological, and molecular tests, serve as biomarkers in determining the severity of COVID-19.
Keywords
Keywords: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO-1); Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
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