A REVIEW ON HOOKWORM DISEASE: HISTORICAL, VIRULENCE, IMMUNOMODULATION AND IMMUNE ESCAPE STRATEGIES | ||||
| Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology | ||||
| Article 4, Volume 55, Issue 1, April 2025, Page 17-26 PDF (741.75 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/jesp.2025.424997 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
| AMIRA M MATAR; NOHA M. ABOU HUSSIEN | ||||
| Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Hookworms are one of the most prevalent soil-transmitted helminths (STH) worldwide, they are ubiquitous in impoverished nations with limited resources, where polyparasitism is prevalent and vaccine cold chain logistics are complicated. Over two billion disability-adjusted life years are lost due to hookworms, which infect around half a billion individuals globally. Humans contract infection by ingesting the infective third-stage larvae (iL3) or skin penetration. Both Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus were thought to be the most common species worldwide, but in certain regions, Ancylostoma ceylanicum emerged as a significant par asite. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Hookworms; Virulence; Immunopathology; Immunoregulation; A review | ||||
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