Association of CXCL13 (BCL) and CXCL9 biomarker with hepatitis B virus in Iraqi patients | ||||
| Microbes and Infectious Diseases | ||||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 06 May 2025 | ||||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/mid.2025.369672.2636 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
Fatmah Abdulkadhim Kareem   1; Mohammed Subhi Mohammed 2
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| 1Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, college of health and medical technology, Medical laboratory department, Kufa. Iraq | ||||
| 2Al-Iraqia University, college of medicine, Department of Microbiology, Baghdad. Iraq | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is a global health burden contributing to liver inflammation, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Chemokines, such as CXCL13 (BLC) and CXCL9, play critical roles in immune regulation; however, their expression patterns and associations with HBV progression in Iraqi patients are poorly understood. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the potential association between serum concentrations of the biomarkers CXCL13 (BLC) and CXCL9 and HBV infection among Iraqi patients. Methods: A case-control study was conducted from September 2024 to February 2025 involving 100 participants (60 patients with HBV and 40 healthy controls were defined as HBsAg-negative) from the Al-Najaf Public Health Laboratory. Serum levels of CXCL13 and CXCL9 were quantified using ELISA. Results: HBV patients exhibited significantly elevated levels of CXCL9 (18.793 ± 1.241 pg/mL vs. 7.547 ± 1.393 pg/mL, p < 0.0001) and CXCL13 (217.131 ± 24.978 pg/mL vs. 92.802 ± 15.635 pg/mL, p < 0.0001) in HBV patients compared to healthy controls. ROC analysis demonstrated a high diagnostic accuracy for both biomarkers: CXCL9 (AUC, 93%; sensitivity, 89%) and CXCL13 (AUC, 94%; sensitivity, 100%). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that serum levels of CXCL9 and CXCL13 (BCL) were significantly elevated in Iraqi HBV patients. These findings highlight the potential clinical utility of chemokine profiling for managing HBV infection and advancing targeted therapeutic strategies. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Hepatitis B Virus; Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9; B-lymphocyte chemoattractant | ||||
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