Saliva-based biomarkers and salivary microbiome in psoriasis: A growing area of research and its relevance | ||||
| Microbes and Infectious Diseases | ||||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 06 May 2025 | ||||
| Document Type: Review Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/mid.2025.368165.2623 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
Simranjit Singh  1; Pratibha Ramani1; N.D. Jaykumar2; Bunty Sharma3; Rose Kanwaljeet K Kaur4; Ravi Kant Sharma5; Anupam Sharma6; Anil Kumar Sharma  7
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| 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. | ||||
| 2Department of Periodontics, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India | ||||
| 3Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be) University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India | ||||
| 4Department of Periodontics, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India | ||||
| 5Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India | ||||
| 6Department of Physics, Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda, Punjab, India | ||||
| 7PROFESSOR AND HEAD, DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, Amity University Punjab SAS NAGAR Punjab India | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Background: Psoriasis is a common chronic dermatological condition characterized by immune system dysfunction, resulting from a complex interaction of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. It presents as distinct erythematous plaques visible on the skin, but reliable biomarkers for monitoring the disease and assessing treatment efficacy are lacking. Saliva, a biological fluid crucial for oral health, contains various microbial communities and inflammatory markers. It is easy to collect, store, and analyze. Oral fluids are highly beneficial for biomarker research due to their non-invasive and rapid nature. Research has indicated differences in the levels of inflammatory cytokines, immunoglobulin A, and antioxidant markers between the saliva of healthy individuals and those with psoriasis. In gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), psoriasis patients exhibited higher levels of S100A8, IL-18, and sE-selectin compared to healthy controls, regardless of periodontal health. Oxidative stress (OS) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, suggesting that the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants could serve as valuable diagnostic factors. Further in this review article we have analysed literature on the composition of the salivary microbiota and salivary levels of inflammation‐related proteins (neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin [NGAL] and transferrin) in patients with psoriasis as compared to values obtained in patients with periodontitis and orally healthy controls. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Biomarkers; Microbiota; Periodontitis; Psoriasis; Saliva | ||||
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