تزكية الشهود وأحكامها وآثارها The Tazkiyah of Witnesses, Its Rulings, and Its Effects" | ||||
| الدراية | ||||
| Volume 24, Issue 27, April 2025, Page 441-498 PDF (1.22 MB) | ||||
| Document Type: المقالة الأصلية | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/drya.2025.426411 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Author | ||||
عبدالمجيد عبدالله إبراهيم اليحيى 
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| قسم الفقه بكلية الشريعة، جامعة الإمام محمد بن سعود الإسلامية، المملكة العربية السعودية | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| للشهادة بين المسلمين أهمية كبيرة وقد عُني الإسلام عناية فائقة فأولاها من العناية والرعاية الشيء العظيم لما فيها من إثبات حقوق الله وحقوق العباد وقد اشترط لها العلماء شروطاً وقيوداً لا تقبل إلا بها ممن توفرت به، ومن أهم هذه الشروط شرط العدالة فلا تقبل شهادة من انتفى عنه هذا الشرط العظيم من الفسقة ومن لا مروءة له. وهذا الشرط لا يعلم إلا بمعرفة القاضي للشاهد فإن لم يعلم القاضي صلاحية الشاهد للشهادة وعدالته وصلاحه فإن كان الشاهد مجهول الحال عند القاضي فإن منها يلزم تزكية الشاهد. وقد اكتسبت التزكية أهميتها من خلال أهمية الشهادة؛ لأنه تعتمد عليها في أغلب الأحكام، ومن هنا ظهرت مسائل تزكية الشهود عند الفقهاء إما بتعديل الشاهد وإظهار عدالته وصلاحيته الشهادة أو جرحه. ويهدف البحث إلي بيان شروط التزكية، وأحكامها، وأنواعها، وآثارها في الفقه الإسلامي. منهج البحث: وقد سلك البحث المنهج التحليلي المقارن بخطواته المعروفة لتناسبه مع طبيعة البحث، وقد توصل الباحث إلي عدة نتائج لعل أهمها: أن التزكية واجبة على القاضي وأنها حق لله. وأن التزكية شهادة يشترط لها ما يشترط للشهادة. وأن التزكية نوعان: تزكية السر وتزكية العلانية. وتبين لي عمل القاضي إذا لم يجد مزكي اكتفى بتحليف الشاهد. وأن وقت التزكية يكون بعد الشهادة. Abstract: on the recommendation of witnesses, its provisions and effects Testimony among Muslims is of great importance, and Islam has paid great attention to it, giving it great care and attention, because it proves the rights of God and the rights of the servants. Scholars have stipulated conditions and restrictions for it, and it is not accepted except by those who meet them. The most important of these conditions is the condition of justice, so the testimony of those who lack this great condition, such as the immoral and those who have no chivalry, is not accepted. This condition is only known by the judge's knowledge of the witness. If the judge does not know the witness's suitability for testimony, his justice and his righteousness, and if the witness is unknown to the judge, then it is necessary to recommend the witness. The recommendation gained its importance through the importance of testimony, because most rulings depend on it, From here, the issues of recommending witnesses appeared among the jurists, either by improving the witness and showing his justice and suitability for testimony or discrediting him. Research Methodology: The research followed the comparative analytical method with its known steps to suit the nature of the research. The research aims to clarify the conditions of recommendation, its provisions, types, and its effects in Islamic jurisprudence. The researcher reached several results, including The researcher reached several conclusions, including: That recommendation is obligatory for the judge and that it is a right of God.That recommendation is a testimony that requires the same conditions as testimony.That recommendation is of two types: secret recommendation and public recommendation. It became clear to me that if the judge does not find a recommendation, he is satisfied with swearing the witness.That the time for recommendation is after the testimony. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| التزكية ، الشهادة، تزكية الشهود ، أحكام الشهود. Testimony; Testimony; Testimony of witnesses; Witness rulings | ||||
| References | ||||
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المراجع
أ-المذهب الحنفي:
ب-المذهب المالكي.
ج-المذهب الشافعي:
د-المذهب الحنبلي:
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