A Comparative Study between the Effect of Vitamin D, Rosemary and Their Combination on Diabetic Nephropathy in Adult Male Albino Rat: Morphological and Immunohistochemical Study
Yassa, H., Moawad, A., Mosaad, M., Ahmed, R. (2025). A Comparative Study between the Effect of Vitamin D, Rosemary and Their Combination on Diabetic Nephropathy in Adult Male Albino Rat: Morphological and Immunohistochemical Study. EKB Journal Management System, 3(2), 48-68. doi: 10.21608/ejctr.2025.359943.1026
Hanan Dawood Yassa; Azza Saleh Moawad; Mariam Saad Mosaad; Rowayda Mohamed Ahmed. "A Comparative Study between the Effect of Vitamin D, Rosemary and Their Combination on Diabetic Nephropathy in Adult Male Albino Rat: Morphological and Immunohistochemical Study". EKB Journal Management System, 3, 2, 2025, 48-68. doi: 10.21608/ejctr.2025.359943.1026
Yassa, H., Moawad, A., Mosaad, M., Ahmed, R. (2025). 'A Comparative Study between the Effect of Vitamin D, Rosemary and Their Combination on Diabetic Nephropathy in Adult Male Albino Rat: Morphological and Immunohistochemical Study', EKB Journal Management System, 3(2), pp. 48-68. doi: 10.21608/ejctr.2025.359943.1026
Yassa, H., Moawad, A., Mosaad, M., Ahmed, R. A Comparative Study between the Effect of Vitamin D, Rosemary and Their Combination on Diabetic Nephropathy in Adult Male Albino Rat: Morphological and Immunohistochemical Study. EKB Journal Management System, 2025; 3(2): 48-68. doi: 10.21608/ejctr.2025.359943.1026

A Comparative Study between the Effect of Vitamin D, Rosemary and Their Combination on Diabetic Nephropathy in Adult Male Albino Rat: Morphological and Immunohistochemical Study

Egyptian Journal of Cell and Tissue Research
Volume 3, Issue 2, June 2025, Pages 48-68    PDF (793.6 K)
Document Type: Original articles
DOI: 10.21608/ejctr.2025.359943.1026
Authors
Hanan Dawood Yassa1; Azza Saleh Moawad2; Mariam Saad Mosaad* 1; Rowayda Mohamed Ahmed1
1Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine- Beni-Suef University
2Department of Medical Histology& Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine- Beni-Suef University
Abstract
Background: Diabetic nephropathy is the most frequent reason for end-stage renal disease. Aim of the work: This research aimed to compare the impact of Vitamin D, rosemary, and their combination on diabetic nephropathy in adult male albino rats morphologically as well as immunohistochemistry. Materials and methods: Fifty adult male albino rats, 180-200 g were used and divided into 5 groups (10 rats/group). Group 1 (plain control), the other 4 groups have been injected with streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) by single intraperitoneal injection to induce diabetes then distributed into four groups. Group 2 (the diabetic untreated group), Group 3 (Vitamin D treated group), Group 4 (rosemary treated group) and Group 5 (Vitamin D and rosemary treated group). At the end of the experiment, rats were sacrificed and both kidneys were removed for light microscopic examination using haematoxylin and eosin stain, Masson's trichrome stain and immunohistochemistry using caspase 3. Results: Diabetic rats had atrophied, congested kidneys, degenerated tubules, and severe blood vessel congestion. While Vitamin-D-treated rats and Rosemary-treated rats had normal renal tubules and corpuscles with minimal degenerative changes. On the other hand, Vitamin D and rosemary-treated rats had normal renal tubules and blood vessels. Insignificant variance was discovered in CRP (C reactive protein) concentrations, TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor Beta 1) levels, total antioxidant capacity, or urea concentrations between groups group 4 and group 5, with the plain control group having the lowest. Conclusion: Diabetic nephropathy is a severe microvascular complication of diabetes, a leading cause of end stage renal disease. Early diagnosis and management advance quality of life for cases, while vitamin D and rosemary protect organs.
Keywords
Vitamin D; Rosemary; Diabetic Nephropathy
References

  1. Navarro-González JF, Mora-Fernández C. The role of inflammatory cytokines in diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;19(3):433-442. doi:10.1681/ASN.2007091048
  2. Schena FP, Gesualdo L. Pathogenetic mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005;16 Suppl 1:S30-S33. doi:10.1681/asn.2004110970
  3. Bakirel T, Bakirel U, Keleş OU, Ulgen SG, Yardibi H. In vivo assessment of antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) in alloxan-diabetic rabbits. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008;116(1):64-73. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2007.10.039
  4. Alkam T, Nitta A, Mizoguchi H, Itoh A, Nabeshima T. A natural scavenger of peroxynitrites, rosmarinic acid, protects against impairment of memory induced by Abeta(25-35). Behav Brain Res. 2007;180(2):139-145. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2007.03.001
  5. Izquierdo MJ, Cavia M, Muñiz P. Paricalcitol reduces oxidative stress and inflammation in hemodialysis patients. BMC Nephrol. 2012;13:159. Published 2012 Nov 27. doi:10.1186/1471-2369-13-159
  6. Kositsawat J, Freeman VL, Gerber BS, Geraci S. Association of A1C levels with vitamin D status in U.S. adults: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(6):1236-1238. doi:10.2337/dc09-2150
  7. Zhou QX, Liu F, Zhang JS, Lu JG, Gu ZL, Gu GX. Effects of triterpenic acid from Prunella vulgaris L. on glycemia and pancreas in rat model of streptozotozin diabetes. Chin Med J (Engl). 2013;126(9):1647-1653.
  8. Eltablawy, N., Ashour, H., Rashed, L. A., & Hamza, W. M. (2018). Vitamin D protection from rat diabetic nephropathy is partly mediated through Klotho expression and renin–angiotensin inhibition. Archives of physiology and biochemistry, 124(5), 461-467.‏
  9. Aljamal, A., Ibrahim, A., Al-Fararjeh, M. A., & Alqadi, T. (2012). Effects of rosemary on lipid profile in diabetic rats. African Journal of Plant Science, 6(7), 222-225.‏
  10. Khodir SA, Samaka RM, Ameen O. Autophagy and mTOR Pathways Mediate the Potential Renoprotective Effects of Vitamin D on Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Nephrol. 2020;2020:7941861. Published 2020 May 13. doi:10.1155/2020/7941861
  11. Suvarna KS, Layton C, Bancroft JD. Bancroft's theory and practice of histological techniques. Elsevier health sciences; 2018 Feb 27.
  12. Ebrahim R, Mostafa O, Mohamed E. Effect of Low and High Doses of Vitamin D on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy in Adult Male Albino Rats: Histological and Immunohistochemical Study. EJH. 2019;42(3):699-711.doi: 10.21608/ejh.2019.9881.1092
  13. Abd El-Hafiz, H. I., El Batsh, M. M., Mohamed, W. M., Omar, A. H., Yassin, A. E. R. A., Mansour, M. A. & Badr, E. A. E. (2018). Effect of vitamin D3 on diabetic nephropathy in rats. Menoufia Medical Journal, 31(1), 324.
  14. Fareed SA, Yousef EM, Abd El-Moneam SM. Assessment of Effects of Rosemary Essential Oil on the Kidney Pathology of Diabetic Adult Male Albino Rats. Cureus. 2023;15(3):e35736. Published 2023 Mar 3. doi:10.7759/cureus.35736
  15. Saleh SMM, Mahmoud AB, Al-Salahy MB, Mohamed Moustafa FA. Morphological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical study on the ameliorative effect of gallic acid against bisphenol A-induced nephrotoxicity in male albino rats. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):1732. Published 2023 Jan 31. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-28860-1
  16. Tian, Y., Lv, G., Yang, Y., Zhang, Y., Yu, R., Zhu, J. & Zhu, J. (2014). Effects of vitamin D on renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy model rats. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, 7(6), 3028-3037.
  17. Park JH, Leem J, Lee SJ. Protective effects of carnosol on renal interstitial fibrosis in a murine model of unilateral ureteral obstruction. Antioxidants. 2022 Nov 26;11(12):2341.
  18. Ismael ZM, Elsamman WN. Evaluation of the effects of azithromycin on the kidney of adult albino rats and the possible protective role of vitamin c using histological and immuno-histochemical studies. SVU-International Journal of Medical Sciences. 2022 Jul 1;5(2):484-500. Doi: 10.21608/svuijm.2022.155478.1374
  19. Hassan S, Gujral UP, Quarells RC, et al. Disparities in diabetes prevalence and management by race and ethnicity in the USA: defining a path forward. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2023;11(7):509-524. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(23)00129-8
  20. Sadek, E. M., Salama, N. M., Ismail, D. I. & Elshafei, A. A. (2016). Journal of microscopy and ultrastructure, 4(3), 133-142.
  21. Montilla P, Barcos M, Munoz MC, Bujalance I, Munoz-Castaneda JR, Tunez I. Red wine prevents brain oxidative stress and nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Biochem Mol Biol. 2005;38(5):539-544. doi:10.5483/bmbrep.2005.38.5.539
  22. Harinarayan CV. Vitamin D and diabetes mellitus. Hormones (Athens). 2014;13(2):163-181. doi:10.1007/BF03401332
  23. Wang Y, Niu A, Pan Y. Profile of Podocyte Translatome During Development of Type 2 and Type 1 Diabetic Nephropathy Using Podocyte-Specific TRAP mRNA RNA-seq. Diabetes. 2021;70(10):2377-2390.
  24. Rahbardar, M. G., Amin, B., Mehri, S., Mirnajafi-Zadeh, S. J. & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2017). Anti-inflammatory effects of ethanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis L. and rosmarinic acid in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 86, 441-449.
  25. Avila-Carrasco, L., Majano, P., Sánchez-Toméro, J. A., Selgas, R., López-Cabrera, M., Aguilera, A. & González Mateo, G. (2019). Natural plants compounds as modulators of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Frontiers in pharmacology, 10, 715.
  26. Esfandiari A, Gargari BP, Noshad H, Sarbakhsh P, Mobasseri M, Barzegari M, Arzhang P. The effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on some metabolic and inflammatory markers in diabetic nephropathy patients with marginal status of vitamin D: A randomized double blind placebo controlled clinical trial. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2019 Jan 1;13(1):278-83.
  27. Lu J, Shi J, Li M. Activation of AMPK by metformin inhibits TGF-β-induced collagen production in mouse renal fibroblasts. Life Sci. 2015;127:59-65. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2015.01.042
  28. Deng, X., Cheng, J. & Shen, M. (2016). Vitamin D improves diabetic nephropathy in rats by inhibiting renin and relieving oxidative stress. Journal of endocrinological investigation, 39, 657-666.
  29. Lei, M., Liu, Z. & Guo, J. (2020). The emerging role of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor in diabetic nephropathy. BioMed research international, 395-406.
  30. Alatawi, F. S., Faridi, U. A. & Alatawi, M. S. (2018). Effect of treatment with vitamin D plus calcium on oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Saudi pharmaceutical journal, 26(8), 1208-1213.
  31. Hassan, A., Kandel, R. S., Mishra, R., Gautam, J., Alaref, A. & Jahan, N. (2020). Diabetes mellitus and Parkinson's disease: shared pathophysiological links and possible therapeutic implications. Cureus, 12(8).
  32. Bakırel, T., Bakırel, U., Keleş, O. Ü., Ülgen, S. G. & Yardibi, H. (2008). In vivo assessment of antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) in alloxan-diabetic rabbits. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 116(1), 64-73.
  33. Nieto, G., Ros, G. & Castillo, J. (2018). Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis, L.): A review. Medicines, 5(3), 98-104.
 

Statistics
Article View: 79
PDF Download: 48