Assessment of Surface Water Resources in Selected Areas of the Khazir River Basin Surrounding the Mandan District, Northern Iraq | ||
| Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries | ||
| Article 34, Volume 29, Issue 3, May and June 2025, Pages 537-553 PDF (788.41 K) | ||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejabf.2025.427689 | ||
| Author | ||
| Mahmood et al. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| In this study, the physical and chemical parameters of the Khazir River—located north of Nineveh Governorate—were measured in six locations, beginning from Kanilan village, passing through the Mandan district and ending approximately 35km south of the Mandan Bridge. The sampling period extended from March 2024 to October 2024. The study included analysis of heavy metals such as iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and nickel (Ni), as well as the total plate count (TPC) of bacteria to assess the water quality and its suitability for human use in selected areas of the river. A range of physical, chemical, and biological parameters was evaluated, including air and water temperature, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity, electrical conductivity (EC), active phosphate (PO₄), nitrite (NO₂), chloride (Cl⁻), sulfate (SO₄), turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD₅), and total suspended solids (TSS). Some measurements were conducted in the field, while others were analyzed in a laboratory located on the left bank of Mosul City, chosen for its proximity to the sampling sites. The results indicated that most measured parameters complied with international and Iraqi standards for drinking water. However, a slight increase in the total plate count (TPC) was observed, particularly at Site 1, where it reached 4.1 × 10² cells/mL. Despite this, the water quality remained largely unaffected, as the BOD₅ did not drop below 0.60 mg/L. pH values ranged from 6.71 to 8.93, air temperature from 28°C to 48.8°C, and water temperature from 25 to 37.75°C. Electrical conductivity (EC) varied from 210 to 11,340µS/ cm, and turbidity ranged between 4.22 and 196.00 NTU. Total dissolved solids (TDS) ranged from 372 to 1,589mg/ L, sulfate values from 207 to 429mg/ L, with the highest phosphate concentration was recorded at 0.11 mg/L and nitrite at 0.59mg/ L. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Khazir River; Water quality; Physicochemical parameters; Drinking turbidity; Heavy metals | ||
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