Antibiotic resistance patterns in endotracheal aspirates of mechanically ventilated patients: A cross-sectional study

Raafat Hamed, Reham mohammad; Abdel-Hamid, Hoda M.; Sahloul, Nahla Yassin

doi:10.21608/mid.2025.367446.2618

	Antibiotic resistance patterns in endotracheal aspirates of mechanically ventilated patients: A cross-sectional study
Microbes and Infectious Diseases
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 16 May 2025
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/mid.2025.367446.2618
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Authors
Reham mohammad Raafat Hamed ¹; Hoda M. Abdel-Hamid ²; Nahla Yassin Sahloul¹
¹Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
²Chest diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
Abstract
Background: Major nosocomial infections in intensive care units (ICUs) that significantly increase morbidity, and lengthen hospital stays, and death are ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT). Aim: This study evaluated the bacterial profile and antibiotic resistance patterns in endotracheal aspirates collected from 96 mechanically ventilated patients at Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital, Cairo University. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of a12 month duration including data from culture-proven VAP OR VAT patients admitted at the ICU, in Cairo University Hospital. Results: Out of 96 endotracheal aspirate samples, 73 (76%) were culture positive. Of these positive cultures, 46.9% demonstrated monomicrobial growth, while 29.2% were polymicrobial. The findings of testing for antibiotic susceptibility and microbiological cultures showed that multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) were highly prevalent, especially in Gram-negative bacteria. Notably, 3.5% of cases had extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) synthesis, while 45.3% of isolates had carbapenem resistance. Conclusions: our research offers vital epidemiological information that can help drive the creation of focused interventions and clinical decision-making to lessen the risk of antibiotic resistance in critical care settings. To guarantee efficient management of VAP/VAT and to enhance patient survival in the face of growing antibiotic resistance, these approaches must be included in standard clinical practice. Also highlights how urgently strong antimicrobial stewardship initiatives and focused infection control (IC) strategies are needed to direct empirical treatment for patients in critical condition.
Keywords
Carbapenem resistance; Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs); ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP); ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT)


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