Bacterial pathogenesis of urinary tract infections | ||||
| Microbes and Infectious Diseases | ||||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 16 May 2025 | ||||
| Document Type: Review Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/mid.2025.358831.2535 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
Princess Esther Echebiri  ; Aloysius Eleojo Odoma; Rita Mary Bernard
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| Department of Microbiology. Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Background: Urinary tract infections(UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infection. They affect millions of people worldwide. These infections lead to higher healthcare costs. This is due to uropathogens becoming more resistant to antibiotics and high rates of recurrence. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are often caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. The pathogenesis of bacterial UTI is influenced by the complex interaction between the host and bacterial factors such as its virulence, biofilm, and resistance to antibiotics. Bacterial virulence factors enable uropathogens colonize and invade the urinary tract. These include adhesins, toxins, and immune evasion mechanisms. The combination of these factors determines the outcome of the infection. Also, host biological and behavioral factors, as well as the characteristics of the uropathogens, significantly influence infection susceptibility and progression. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of bacterial UTI pathogenesis, with a particular focus on host-pathogen interactions that contribute to infection severity and recurrence. It also explores novel therapeutic strategies beyond conventional antibiotics, including antimicrobial peptides, anti-virulence therapy, probiotics, herbal and natural compounds, vaccines, and innovative drug delivery systems. By incorporating insights into both host-pathogen interactions and emerging treatment options, this explores host-pathogen interactions and new treatment options. This review aims to improve understanding of UTIs and help create better, targeted management strategies. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Antibiotics Resistance; Virulence; Pathogenesis; Biofilm Formation,Novel therapeutics | ||||
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