The Prognostic Factors Influencing the Outcomes in Patients with Triple Negative Breast Cancer | ||||
| SECI Oncology Journal | ||||
| Article 5, Volume 13, Issue 2, April 2025, Page 142-154 PDF (818.57 K) | ||||
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| Abstract | ||||
| Introduction: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for approximately 10% -- 17% of all breast cancer and characterized by a high proliferation rate and increased aggressiveness compared with other subtypes. Surgical intervention is a key component in the treatment of breast cancer. Cytotoxic chemotherapy represents the mainstay treatment and radiotherapy is a well established modality to improve loco regional control after surgery with positive impact on long-term survival in high-risk patients. In the literature, some prognostic factors reported to be associated with poor outcome in TNBC while others are not. Aim of the study: Is to analyze the various clinico pathological prognostic factors associated with reduction in overall survival and disease recurrence free survival in these patients. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective study enrolled patients received treatment and / or follow up in Sohag University Hospital, Egypt between 2019 and 2024 by surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Results: The study enrolled 111 female patients both pre and post menopausal (55, and 56 respectively). The median age was at 48 yr. During follow up (mean at 30.8 m) disease recurrences and deaths were reported in 30 (28%) and 17 (15%) respectively with median times at 21.50 and 28 m respectively. A subgroup comprising only the patients treated with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy (61 patients) was analyzed. In the whole cohort, disease recurrence free survival was significantly worse with neo adjuvant chemotherapy, advanced stage, multi focality of cancer lesions, presence of > 5 axillary lymph nodes pathologically infiltrated, extra capsular extension, peri neural infiltration, lympho vascular invasion, and level of Ki-67 labelling index ≤ 40% with p values at 0.012, 0.000, 0.003, 0.003, 0.016, 0.042 and 0.038 respectively while in the tri modality subgroup, a significantly worse outcome was associated with modified radical mastectomy, advanced stage, multi focality of lesions, and ki- 67 labelling index ≤ 40% with p values at 0.013, 0.001, 0.000 and 0.011 respectively. On the level of overall survival, a significantly worse result in the whole cohort was associated with neo adjuvant chemotherapy, modified radical mastectomy, advanced stage, multi focality of cancer lesions, maximum tumor dimension > 4 cm, presence of > 5 axillary lymph nodes pathologically infiltrated, extra capsular extension and, peri neural infiltration with p values at 0.012, 0.016, 0.001, 0.024, 0.023, 0.001, 0.010 and 0.043 respectively. In the tri modality subgroup, a significantly worse results were associated with neo adjuvant chemotherapy, modified radical mastectomy, advanced stage and multi focality of lesions with p values at 0.040, 0.026, 0.025, 0.001 respectively. Conclusions: This study provides further information on the relevance of chemotherapy timing, type of mastectomy, stage of the disease, multi focality of lesions, extra capsular extension, peri neural infiltration, peri vascular invasion, size of primary tumor and number of infiltrated lymph nodes as good predictors of survival and recurrence in triple negative breast cancer | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Prognostic factors; outcomes; triple Negative Breast Cancer | ||||
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