Fraction Derived from Lansium domesticum Leaves Triggers Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in 4T1 Cell Line Via Cdk-2 and p-53 Proteins Modulation
Yulyana, A., Hasibuan, P., Sumaiyah, S., Gurning, K., Astyka, R., Annava, A., Lubis, M. (2025). Fraction Derived from Lansium domesticum Leaves Triggers Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in 4T1 Cell Line Via Cdk-2 and p-53 Proteins Modulation. EKB Journal Management System, 68(13), 105-119. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.352613.11159
Ana Yulyana; Poppy Anjelisa Zaitun Hasibuan; Sumaiyah Sumaiyah; Kasta Gurning; Ririn Astyka; Akramul Khair Annava; Muhammad Fauzan Lubis. "Fraction Derived from Lansium domesticum Leaves Triggers Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in 4T1 Cell Line Via Cdk-2 and p-53 Proteins Modulation". EKB Journal Management System, 68, 13, 2025, 105-119. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.352613.11159
Yulyana, A., Hasibuan, P., Sumaiyah, S., Gurning, K., Astyka, R., Annava, A., Lubis, M. (2025). 'Fraction Derived from Lansium domesticum Leaves Triggers Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in 4T1 Cell Line Via Cdk-2 and p-53 Proteins Modulation', EKB Journal Management System, 68(13), pp. 105-119. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.352613.11159
Yulyana, A., Hasibuan, P., Sumaiyah, S., Gurning, K., Astyka, R., Annava, A., Lubis, M. Fraction Derived from Lansium domesticum Leaves Triggers Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in 4T1 Cell Line Via Cdk-2 and p-53 Proteins Modulation. EKB Journal Management System, 2025; 68(13): 105-119. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.352613.11159

Fraction Derived from Lansium domesticum Leaves Triggers Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in 4T1 Cell Line Via Cdk-2 and p-53 Proteins Modulation

Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Volume 68, Issue 13, December 2025, Pages 105-119    PDF (906.24 K)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.352613.11159
Authors
Ana Yulyana1; Poppy Anjelisa Zaitun Hasibuan2; Sumaiyah Sumaiyah3; Kasta Gurning4; Ririn Astyka5; Akramul Khair Annava5; Muhammad Fauzan Lubis* 6
1Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institut Sains dan Teknologi Nasional, Medan, Indonesia
2Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
3Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
4Department of Pharmacy, Sekolah Tinggi Kesehatan Senior Medan, Medan 20141, Indonesia
5Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
6Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
Abstract
This study investigates the anticancer potential of ethanolic extracts (EEL) and fractions derived from Lansium domesticum leaves, with a particular focus on the fourth fraction of EEL (EELD), against the murine 4T1 breast cancer cell line. EELD demonstrated significant cytotoxic activity, with an IC₅₀ of 72.75 ± 2.98 µg/mL and a selectivity index (SI) of 4.69, indicating notable selectivity toward cancer cells compared to normal cells. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that EELD induced cell cycle arrest at the Sub G1 phase and promoted apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Immunocytochemical evaluation showed upregulation of p53 and suppression of Cdk-2 expression, highlighting the involvement of intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Phytochemical analysis identified bioactive compounds, including hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, and trans-13-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, which are associated with anticancer and antioxidant properties. These findings suggest that EELD’s anticancer activity is mediated through a combination of cell cycle regulation, apoptosis induction, and bioactive compound synergy. While EELD exhibits promising anticancer properties, its efficacy remains lower than the standard chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin. Further, in vivo studies and molecular investigations are required to optimize its therapeutic potential and elucidate its mechanisms of action. This study highlights the potential of L. domesticum as a source of plant-derived anticancer agents and provides a foundation for future research into its therapeutic applications.
Keywords
Lansium domesticum leaf; Fractionations; 4T1 breast cancer cells; cell cycle arrest; apoptosis; bioactive compounds
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