Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine Scaffold: Synthetic Strategies and Biological Activities
Kobesy, M., Mohamed, M., Mohassab, A., Beshr, E. (2025). Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine Scaffold: Synthetic Strategies and Biological Activities. EKB Journal Management System, 9(1), 21-43. doi: 10.21608/sjpms.2025.351822.1036
Mostafa R. Kobesy; Mamdouh F. A. Mohamed; Aliaa M. Mohassab; Eman A.M. Beshr. "Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine Scaffold: Synthetic Strategies and Biological Activities". EKB Journal Management System, 9, 1, 2025, 21-43. doi: 10.21608/sjpms.2025.351822.1036
Kobesy, M., Mohamed, M., Mohassab, A., Beshr, E. (2025). 'Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine Scaffold: Synthetic Strategies and Biological Activities', EKB Journal Management System, 9(1), pp. 21-43. doi: 10.21608/sjpms.2025.351822.1036
Kobesy, M., Mohamed, M., Mohassab, A., Beshr, E. Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine Scaffold: Synthetic Strategies and Biological Activities. EKB Journal Management System, 2025; 9(1): 21-43. doi: 10.21608/sjpms.2025.351822.1036

Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine Scaffold: Synthetic Strategies and Biological Activities

Sphinx Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences
Volume 9, Issue 1, April 2025, Page 21-43  XML PDF (1.27 MB)
Document Type: Review articles
DOI: 10.21608/sjpms.2025.351822.1036
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Authors
Mostafa R. Kobesy1; Mamdouh F. A. Mohamed2; Aliaa M. Mohassab email orcid 3; Eman A.M. Beshr4
1*Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt. *Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Merit University, Sohag, Egypt
2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
3Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
4Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
Abstract
Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine is a bicyclic heterocyclic system comprising a fused pyrimidine and pyrazole rings that structurally mimic purines, prompting biological investigations to evaluate their potential therapeutic activity. It has garnered significant attention in bioorganic and pharmaceutical chemistry. Researchers recognize their significant role in various diseases. Various chemical compounds incorporating pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold as the central core were synthesized and evaluated for their promising biological activities. It's possible to synthesize pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine nucleus from various starting materials utilizing either pyrazole or pyrimidine rings as starting synthons, along with several other miscellaneous materials. The results of their biochemical and biophysical properties together showed how important they are as adenosine nucleoside analogs in the treatment of cancer and viruses. It was reported that certain pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine compounds have anti-cancer effects through several mechanistic pathways. Furthermore, the development of drugs incorporating a pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold as a pharmacophore promotes several physiological effects in the treatment of malaria, mycobactium, inflammation, herbicidal properties, gout, and as an oral hypoglycemic drug.
Keywords
Pyrazolo[3; 4-d]pyrimidine; synthesis; biological evaluations; anti-cancer; anti-inflammatory
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