Bee Venom restores hepatic functions, oxidative stress, histochemical structure, and immunoreactivity of caspase-3, NF-κB, and PCNA in the liver of CCl4-intoxicated rats | ||||
| Advances in Environmental and Life Sciences | ||||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 19 May 2025 | ||||
| Document Type: Original research articles | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/aels.2025.376761.1076 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Authors | ||||
May Mohammed Mowafy  1; Jehan Abdelrazek Hasanen1; Kadry Mohammed Sadek2; Mohamed Mohamed Zeweil2; Dina Mohammed Khoudear3; Mohamed Fathy Youssef 1
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| 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522 Egypt | ||||
| 2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt. | ||||
| 3Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Background Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is an industrial xenobiotic solvent is utilized to cause liver injury in experimental animal models. The current research investigated the potential therapeutic efficacy of BV in counteracting the harmful effects of CCl4 on the liver. Methods BV solution was prepared by dissolving BV in distilled water and then injecting the solution in rats. To explore the possible hepatotoxicity effect of CCl4 and antioxidant effect of BV, rats were grouped as: (1) CTR, (2) CCl4-treated, (3) CCl4 + BV, and (4) CCl4 + SIL Results Blood glucose levels, albumin, bilirubin, and liver enzyme activities were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in rats co-treated with BV in comparison to the CCl4 treated group. Levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), and malondialdehyde (MDA), were normalized in the BV-treated group. Meanwhile, the increase was significant (P < 0.05) in the activity of catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH), in hepatic rats treated with BV in comparison to the CCl4-treated group. This increases their active role in controlling liver functions in order to improve hepatotoxicity and inflammatory responses. Histopathological examination demonstrated hepatic cell destruction in after receiving CCl4, while BV treatment restored hepatic cell integrity. The immunoreactivity of caspase-3, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was increased in rats that received CCl4; however, BV treatment nearly restored these markers to normal levels. Conclusion The administration of BV ameliorated hepatotoxicity in rats caused by CCl4 through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. Finally, Silymarin was used as a traditional hepatoprotective agent. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| Carbon tetrachloride. Hepatotoxicity. Bee Venom. Antioxidants. Oxidative stress. Immunoreactivity of caspase-3; NF-κB; and PCNA | ||||
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