Resistant hypertension | ||||
| The Egyptian Journal of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk | ||||
| Article 5, Volume 15, Issue 1, March 2024 PDF (363.55 K) | ||||
| Document Type: Mini Review Article | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/tejhcr.2025.346384.1003 | ||||
 View on SCiNiTO | ||||
| Author | ||||
Heba Mostafa 
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| Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cairo University | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Resistant hypertension is defined as persistent elevation of office blood pressure (BP) above the appropriate goal of therapy (>140/90 mmHg in most of hypertensive patients or >130/80 for those with ischemic heart disease, diabetes, or renal insufficiency) despite the use of maximally tolerated doses of three or more different classes of antihypertensive agents, including a diuretic. It is also defined as controlled blood pressure on at least 4 antihypertensive medication. Its true prevalence is <10% of treated patients after exclusion of causes of pseudo-resistant hypertension. Patients are at higher risk of hypertension mediated organ damage, chronic kidney disease, and premature cardiovascular event. True resistant hypertension should be differentiated from pseudo-resistance hypertension due to poor measurement technique, suboptimal blood pressure control secondary to medication nonadherence, white coat effect, high salt intake, excess alcohol consumption, uncontrolled obesity, continuous stressful exposure, lack of exercise. Causes of secondary hypertension must ruled out. Resistant hypertension should be confirmed by out off office blood pressure measurements either by home blood pressure or ambulatory blood pressure measurements. | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| resistant hypertension; medication adherence; spironolactone | ||||
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