Molecular Investigation and Gene Expression of Efflux Pump Genes adeR and adeS among Extensive Drug Resistance Acinetobacter baumannii, Iraq | ||||
| Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology | ||||
| Volume 34, Issue 4, October 2025 | ||||
| Document Type: New and original researches in the field of Microbiology. | ||||
| DOI: 10.21608/ejmm.2025.381086.1608 | ||||
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| Authors | ||||
Eman J. Raheem  ; Ibtisam H. Al-Azawi
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| Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Al-Qadisiyah University, Iraq | ||||
| Abstract | ||||
| Background: The clinical problem of Acinetobacter baumannii has been primarily driven by its remarkable ability to acquire or up-regulate various drug resistances. Antibiotics are ineffective in treating the infections caused by these bacteria, making them one of the major global threats to healthcare settings worldwide. Thus, it becomes one of the most successful multidrug resistance (MDR) and extensive-drug resistant (XDR) organisms. Objective: to determine the changes in adeR and adeS genes of A. baumannii and their relationship with antibiotic resistance. Methodology: In the cross-sectional study, from December 2023 to July 2024, 220 samples were collected. Samples, during current study, varied between urine (n=85, 39%), wounds (n=55, 25%), burns (n=45, 20%), sputum (n=20, 9%) and blood (n=15, 7%) from patients at Al-Sadder Medical City, Burn Center Unit, and private laboratories in Al-Najaf city. The isolates were treated for PCR assays with specific primers for (adeR gene, adeS gene) and Realtime-PCR for gene expression. Results: The recovery rate of A. baumannii isolates was 16 (7.27%) from different clinical samples. The results showed the prevalence of adeR was 15 (93.75%) of 16 A. baumannii isolates, and 15/16 (93.75%) were positive to adeS gene. The results of gene expression demonstrated that patients group displayed a significant increase in the expression levels of all studied genes (adeS=6.210359, and adeR=8.420081) as compared with genes expression of controls samples (adeS=1.00499, and adeR=1.043656). Conclusions: The genes for efflux pumps (adeR, adeS) may be crucial in A. baumanni's ability to withstand antibiotics | ||||
| Keywords | ||||
| A. baumannii; gene expression; efflux pump; adeR; adeS | ||||
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